Briana Wright has worked all her adult life. The 27-year-old Kosciusko resident has been a crew member at McDonald’s for three years. Before that, she worked for Tyson Foods, where she mostly hung chickens for processing.

Wright is stuck in what is commonly referred to as the healthcare coverage gap. She is one of the 300,000 or so Mississippians with no health insurance because she can’t afford private health insurance but doesn’t qualify for Medicaid.

States have had the option to expand Medicaid eligibility to most people with incomes under a certain level — about $30,300 annually for a family of three — since 2014. Mississippi remains one of 12 states not to expand despite profound financial benefits and an increased federal matching rate under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021. 

As Wright and other Mississippians in similar positions continue to struggle, state lawmakers once again have decided not to consider expansion and do not seem poised to do so anytime soon.

The current program covers the disabled, poor pregnant women, children and some elderly people. Generally speaking, able-bodied adults are not eligible for Medicaid in Mississippi.

If state leaders were to expand Medicaid, at least 225,000 Mississippians would qualify for healthcare coverage — including Wright. 

As a result of being uninsured, Wright doesn’t see any doctors annually for checkups or preventative care. 

But in May of last year, she started vomiting and experiencing severe pain in her abdomen. The intensity of the pain led her to the local emergency room. The doctors suspected pancreatitis, but at a follow-up appointment the next month with a surgeon at Jackson-based Central Surgical Associates, she was told she needed her gallbladder removed.  

She let her doctor know she had no health insurance, and he suggested reaching out to the Mississippi Department of Rehabilitative Services to see if she qualified for its vocational rehabilitation program. The program offers resources to people with disabilities that impede their ability to work.

The program agreed to cover the costs of her surgery so she could continue working. Last fiscal year, the department spent over $10 million on “physical restoration,” or medical services for Mississippians with disabilities, according to the department spokeswoman. “Disabilities” are defined as any condition that is an impediment to someone gaining or maintaining employment. Despite the absence of Medicaid expansion, the state is still footing the bill to cover some working Mississippians’ medical care. 

Wright was approved for the program, and she thought she had found the solution to her problem — until the $245 bill for the Central Surgical Associates consultation appointment came in the mail. She had thought the appointment cost would be applied to her surgery bill, but she soon learned she was responsible. She couldn’t afford to pay it, and the vocational rehabilitation program doesn’t pay for past bills, she said. 

According to Wright, she tried to set up a $25 a month payment plan with Central Surgical Associates, but they told her she had to pay in full in order to have the surgery. 

Judy Skinner and Laura Yarbrough, employees at Central Surgical Associates, told Mississippi Today they did offer Wright a payment plan. They said they tried calling her numerous times from June to November but couldn’t get through.

Wright’s bill was turned over to collections Oct. 31, though Wright maintains she wasn’t offered a payment plan. She said she only remembers one phone call from the doctor’s office, which she answered while at work but didn’t hear anyone on the line.

“I’m trying my best, but it doesn’t seem like it’s good enough,” said Wright. 

Today, even if she could come up with the $245, she would have to reapply for the vocational rehabilitation program and have yet another $245 consultation with the doctor because of the amount of time that has passed since her initial appointment.

In the meantime, her symptoms have gotten worse. She regularly has sharp pains, nausea and indigestion. She often has to sit down during her shifts and has been sent home early from work several times.

“It makes it hard to work,” she said. “I wish there was a way … I could be eligible to be on some type of affordable medical insurance to help me out some.” 

Health advocates and other Mississippi health groups have long championed Medicaid expansion. But two key state leaders, Gov. Tate Reeves and Speaker of the House Philip Gunn, have repeatedly expressed their staunch opposition.

“Briana’s experience is a poignant and far too common illustration of both the human and fiscal benefits that Medicaid expansion could bring to Mississippi,” said Roy Mitchell, executive director of the Mississippi Health Advocacy Program. “Expansion would help over 200,000 Mississippi residents get health coverage and simultaneously bring billions of our tax dollars home from Washington, D.C. Hardworking families in our state need to be able to see the doctor and get access to life-saving medicine.”

The federal government covers 90% of the costs of expanding Medicaid, leaving 10% up to states (and even less for two years under the American Rescue Plan Act.)

A recent study estimated if Mississippi were to expand the program, the state would save an estimated $212 million by 2027. That money could be appropriated on anything lawmakers wanted — not just healthcare.

The only major political player in Mississippi to signal support for Medicaid expansion is Lt. Gov. Delbert Hosemann, who often decries the working poor’s lack of healthcare access. He recently recounted the story of an uninsured mother of two in Greenwood who developed breast cancer but delayed seeing a doctor. She died soon after.

“The lieutenant governor has visited with many Mississippians who are working every day without healthcare coverage for themselves and their families. When people are healthy, they are in a better position to be employed, contribute to their communities and take care of their families,” Leah Smith, Hosemann’s chief of staff, said in a statement to Mississippi Today. “The lieutenant governor continues to be interested in finding solutions which increase healthcare access for working Mississippians.”

But in the final four weeks of the 2022 legislative session, there are no bills to expand Medicaid or healthcare coverage to any working Mississippians. At least eight expansion bills were filed this session, but none were ever debated or considered before dying in committee. 

Dozens of similar bills have been filed in past years but have never made it far. The Republican-controlled legislature, coupled with the opposition from Reeves and Gunn, means there is very little appetite for even exploring expansion.

Sen. Chad McMahan, a Republican from Guntown, is a rare outlier — though he says he is “not necessarily for expanding Medicaid.”

“I’m interested in holding hearings on Medicaid for the purposes of reform,” McMahan told Mississippi Today. “… I do not want to expand Medicaid to anyone who is not working, but for those Mississippians who are and do not have basic minimum coverage, (I support creating) a category for them to have basic emergency health care services.” 

McMahan’s father was a small business owner, and their family did not have health insurance. He remembers the $20,000 medical bill they incurred after he had an injury in the 1980s. 

“I am very sympathetic to working people that don’t have healthcare,” McMahan said. 

In the meantime, Wright and 300,000 other uninsured Mississippians remain without access to any healthcare — and Wright fears losing her job, or worse. 

“I’m afraid my gallbladder will worsen and make me even more sick,” she said. 

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