Black elected officials who pleaded guilty in connection to a sweeping probe into corruption in Mississippi’s capital city weren’t targeted because of their race, U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of Mississippi Baxter Kruger said in a Tuesday press conference. 

Kruger, who was nominated by President Donald Trump in December, was responding to allegations attorneys supporting former Jackson Mayor Chokwe Antar Lumumba made on the courthouse steps Monday. 

“There are no racial issues that we’re dealing with here,” Kruger said, referencing a recent jury conviction of former Canton Municipal Utilities engineer Rudy Warnock for conspiracy to commit bribery. 

Warnock, a white man, was sentenced to 12 years in prison last year. 

Kruger also disagreed with claims from some in Jackson that former Hinds County District Attorney Jody Owens, Lumumba and former Jackson City Council member Aaron Banks received lenient sentences. 

“They had to admit their guilt, and that’s consistent with the charges that we levied against them,” Kruger told reporters at Jackson’s federal courthouse. 

The investigation began under then-President Joseph Biden’s administration. In 2024, a federal grand jury indicted Owens, Lumumba and Banks for allegedly taking bribes from undercover FBI agents who posed as real estate developers seeking to invest in downtown Jackson. 

The agents enlisted an unsuspecting Owens to act as a go-between with other elected officials in a sting operation similar to those conducted in other U.S. cities. 

In the 32-page indictment, prosecutors alleged that Owens facilitated tens of thousands of dollars in bribes on behalf of the agents to Lumumba and Banks in exchange for their agreement to help the developers get approval to build a hotel on a plot of land in downtown Jackson the city had obtained a federal loan to develop. 

Prosecutors brought stiff charges. Owens was indicted on eight counts, including conspiracy to commit bribery and money laundering, and faced a cumulative 95 years in prison. Lumumba was indicted on five counts and faced up to 75 years in prison. Banks was indicted on two counts and faced up to 15 years in prison. 

But in July, the three officials pleaded to a similar charge: Conspiracy, which carries up to five years in prison and a maximum $250,000 fine. 

Whether they go to prison and for how long will be determined by U.S. District Judge Daniel P. Jordan III at a hearing in October. But some legal observers say the three officials are facing much less time in custody than they anticipated. 

Matt Steffey, a Mississippi Christian University School of Law professor, said it’s common for federal prosecutors to seek multiple counts in white collar conspiracies, because they will charge each individual crime committed in the course of the scheme. 

At most, the professor said, the officials could have been sentenced to the maximum penalty for their most serious offense, which was 20 years for Owens and Lumumba, and 10 years for Banks. 

“I don’t want to minimize the moral implications of what they did,” Steffey said. “But how much time do they have to sit in federal prison for us to feel satisfied the public has been vindicated?”

The former officials will also face collateral consequences, Steffey said. All three must give up their firearms. 

Unlike the other two defendants, prosecutors agreed not to seek forfeiture from the former district attorney, according to his plea agreement. This means the federal government won’t take possession of property he used in the course of the conspiracy. 

That includes Owens’ Downtown Cigar Company, a tobacco shop and lounge where he held conversations with the undercover agents and that was raided in a prelude to the indictment in 2024. 

After months of confusion, state leaders say the bonus they granted earlier this year is intended for all special education teachers in Mississippi.

Raising teacher pay was a top priority for lawmakers during this past legislative session. Following months of debate, they agreed on a $2,000 pay raise for all teachers and granted special education teachers an additional $2,000 one-time supplement.

The law says “any licensed special education teacher employed by a school district on a full-time basis and specifically providing special education instruction” is eligible for the bonus. 

But Mississippi Department of Education officials sent a letter to lawmakers in May, asking them to clarify who the money was for, leaving the bonuses up in the air as many teachers finalized their contracts for the coming school year.

READ MORE: Special education teachers were promised an extra $2,000. Where’s the money?

State Superintendent Lance Evans told state Board of Education members in mid-June that he believed the bonus was just for “self-contained” special education teachers, who exclusively teach students with disabilities in one classroom, and would not apply to “inclusion” teachers, who support students with disabilities in their general education classes.

Lawmakers responded to the agency on June 24 with a letter of legislative intent signed by House Speaker Jason White, Lt. Gov. Delbert Hosemann and chairmen of both chambers’ Education and Appropriations committees. The letter specifies that all full-time, licensed special education teachers can receive the bonus.

Education agency spokesperson Jean Cook said full-time inclusion teachers are eligible if they’re appropriately licensed and exclusively teach students with special needs.

However, speech-language pathologists are not eligible for the extra money. Additionally, teachers already receiving a National Board Certification supplement are also ineligible for the special education supplement.

The Legislature’s $14.6-million allocation to the agency for the special education bonus will cover all of the state’s 4,088 eligible teachers, said Jean Cook, a spokesperson for the education agency. She said payments will be disbursed to districts in November.

Mississippi Professional Educators executive director Kelly Riley, who for the past few months has fielded calls from confused superintendents and special education teachers about the bonus, said it was a “positive step.”

“Districts can now finalize contracts with their SPED teachers for the upcoming school year,” she said. “Any uncertainty as to who is to receive the supplement has hopefully been resolved.”

Mississippi providers are nearing the first deadline to apply for a share of hundreds of millions of dollars of federal grant funding to improve rural healthcare. But questions remain about how the state crafted its funding application and who influenced its plan.

Mississippi is one of two states where the governor’s office is directly overseeing the money. Republican Gov. Tate Reeves spearheaded the state’s application for the funding last fall and is now coordinating distribution of the $206 million allotted to Mississippi in December for the first year of the five-year, national $50 billion Rural Health Transformation Program. 

During a June 4 legislative hearing, Richard Grimes, who directs the Rural Health Transformation Program Office, told lawmakers that the governor’s office gathered stakeholder input through an online survey, received presentations from select stakeholders and consulted with state agency leaders while drafting the state’s proposal. 

Lawmakers have said they are concerned the proposal was shaped through survey responses from stakeholders and closed-door conversations rather than broader engagement with people living in rural communities. They also requested more information about the stakeholders who participated in the survey. 

Applications for the state’s first three initiatives to support rural healthcare, which focus on facility improvements, upgrading technology systems and increasing telehealth capacity, must be submitted by July 15.

Through a public records request, Mississippi Today obtained the survey responses submitted to the Mississippi Division of Medicaid during development of the state’s application. Here are three things the responses reveal about the public engagement process. 

1. Respondents had two weeks to submit responses, though some did not meet that deadline. The compressed timeline mirrored a quick federal deadline for states to apply for the funds. 

Mississippi moved quickly to gather stakeholder input after President Donald Trump signed a sweeping tax and spending bill into law July 4, 2025. The legislation reduced Medicaid spending by nearly $1 trillion over a decade and created the Rural Health Transformation Program to help offset the strain vulnerable rural hospitals were expected to face.

States were required to submit applications for the funds by Nov. 5, leaving roughly four months to collect feedback and develop proposals.

“There was a very, very short turnaround,” said Jamila McLean, the director of health equity for Princeton University’s State Health and Value Strategies Program. The program has studied states’ approaches to the application process and implementation of the initiative. 

The Mississippi Division of Medicaid launched an online survey on July 31, including more than 40 questions about the challenges impacting access to rural healthcare and potential solutions. The survey closed two weeks later, on Aug. 14.

By that deadline, the survey yielded 122 responses, with about two dozen additional submissions arriving by the end of October for a total of 145. Eight respondents submitted multiple entries, and five did not answer any of the survey’s questions about improving healthcare in rural areas. 

Grimes told legislators on June 4 that the governor’s office received 145 responses from stakeholders. 

Consulting firm HORNE, now part of BDO, was selected through an emergency procurement process to prepare the state’s application for the program. Potential vendors had less than a week to submit a quote. 

Mississippi did not hold public meetings or hearings as a part of the application process. Thirteen stakeholders were invited to a closed-door forum on Aug. 28 at HORNE’s Ridgeland offices to present their ideas to the governor’s office. 

Other states, including Louisiana and Arizona, held in-person outreach meetings to collect feedback from stakeholders and rural residents. Several states, including Georgia, Alaska and Washington, released survey responses or a summary of themes collected as a part of their efforts to engage stakeholders. 

Senate Public Health Chairman Hob Bryan, a Democrat from Amory, criticized the lack of broader engagement for the program, saying rural residents had no opportunity to weigh in beyond the online survey and that the survey was not widely publicized. 

“That is the one and only opportunity that any just general member of the public has had to do anything,” Bryan said. 

In recent months, after the application was submitted and funds were awarded, Mississippi has hosted online and in-person forums to share information about the program and available grant opportunities. The program office held a webinar and in-person outreach meetings in Pearl, Cleveland, Ellisville, Summit and Tupelo in early June.

McLean said the tight timeline to apply for the funds created a lag in the public engagement process for some states. She said that much of the stakeholder input is occurring now, after the application process has concluded. 

“There’s a little bit of a mismatch, in that the stakeholder (engagement) process is happening now, but at the same time the state is moving forward with implementation,” McLean said.

2. Survey respondents spanned the U.S., with most Mississippi participants concentrated in five counties.

The people who responded to Mississippi’s survey — excluding duplicates and people who did not answer questions or provide an address — represented 19 states and the District of Columbia. 

Nearly 80% of the responses came from people in Mississippi. The Mississippi responses covered 39 counties. More than half of the Mississippi responses were concentrated in five counties: Lee, Hinds, Madison, Forrest and Sunflower. 

On June 4, Grimes noted that the responses covered nearly half of Mississpipi’s 82 counties. Bryan countered that interpretation, arguing it also meant that residents from more than half of the state’s counties did not participate in the planning process. 

“That glass is half empty, I’ll have you know,” Bryan said on Mississippi Today’s political podcast “The Other Side” on June 23. 

Under Mississippi program guidelines, providers receiving funds do not have to be located in a rural area to be eligible but must demonstrate that their proposal will provide meaningful benefits to rural communities. 

The program office, however, classifies all Mississippi counties as rural because each falls below the threshold of 500 people per square mile. The state’s average population density is about 63 people per square mile, according to census data, while DeSoto County, the most densely populated county in the state, has roughly 389 people per square mile. 

3. Most respondents were affiliated with a hospital or private company. 

Roughly a third of survey responses came from hospital administrators and staff. More than 25 hospitals were represented, including rural facilities across the state. Tupelo-based North Mississippi Health Services staff alone accounted for 20 of the 49 hospital responses.

Hospital staff members said healthcare workforce shortages are limiting access to care in rural Mississippi. They also said there are many patients must travel long distances for care and lack transportation, high rates of people do not have health insurance, ambulance systems are overburdened, patients have limited access to specialty care and they are concerned about financial instability given the budget cuts passed into law last summer that will reduce Medicaid payments to hospitals beginning in 2028.

“Physician shortages are a challenge and will be a challenge,” wrote one northeast Mississippi hospital administrator. “Mississippi is not a state providers are rushing to.” 

Private companies made up about one-fifth of all responses. The companies included managed care organizations, technology firms, ambulance providers, patient monitoring and telehealth companies and home-delivered meal services. Many referenced their products and services as solutions to the healthcare issues facing Mississippians. 

Clinics and other healthcare providers represented a range of services, including community mental health centers, family medicine practices, nursing homes and long-term care facilities, pharmacists, senior services organizations, urgent care clinics and youth mental health programs.

Professional organizations included state-based organizations representing hospitals, nursing homes and community health workers, as well as national organizations representing pharmacies and advanced practice providers. Advocacy organizations included groups supporting families with children who are deaf or hard of hearing, people living with Alzheimer’s disease and promoting telehealth policy. 

Three elected officials – two state and one local – also responded. Among them was House Public Health Chairman Sam Creekmore, a Republican from New Albany. He told Mississippi Today he believed lawmakers should have been more involved in the application process, especially those regularly engaged with health policy and providers, like himself. 

“We weren’t included in any of this,” he said. “We deal with this just about every day. Hospitals and nurses and doctors come to us all the time for solutions. We thought the Legislature should have been part of the process.”

Mississippi Today is pleased to welcome Bobby Caina Calvan as its new senior editor.

In this role, Calvan will lead the Jackson Team, coordinate with other editors on major projects and provide mentoring for early-career journalists. He began work Tuesday.

“Bobby and I were long-distance colleagues when we both worked for The Associated Press, and I have long admired his skills as a reporter and writer,” Mississippi Today Editor in Chief Emily Wagster Pettus said. “He is new to Mississippi, and is intensely interested in the state. He brings strong leadership skills and recognizes the importance of journalism that digs beneath the surface and holds public officials accountable.”

Calvan most recently served as deputy editor for government accountability at The Dallas Morning News. Before that, he was a global news manager at The Associated Press, helping coordinate coverage of major news events around the world. Earlier in his AP career, he covered state government and politics in Florida and Montana and worked as a general assignment reporter in New York.

Calvan grew up on a dairy farm in Hawaii, on the other side of the Koʻolau Mountains from Waikiki. He earned a bachelor’s degree in legal studies from the University of California, Berkeley.

He holds lifetime memberships in the Indigenous Journalists Association, the National Association of Hispanic Journalists and NLGJA: The Association of LGBTQ+ Journalists. He is also a member of the Asian American Journalists Association, the National Association of Black Journalists and Investigative Reporters and Editors.

He can be reached at bcalvan@mississippitoday.org.

Several DeSoto County residents, including former Republican gubernatorial candidate and current county Supervisor Robert Foster, have filed a federal lawsuit arguing that the Legislature’s creation of majority-Black subdistricts for the state judiciary violates the Voting Rights Act. 

The lawsuit argues that when the Legislature redrew the state’s court districts, it gave DeSoto County an additional judge for Circuit Court and for Chancery Court. But those judges had to be elected from a majority-Black subdistrict. 

“Racially motivated and mathematically problematic, H.B. 1544 and S.B. 2768 are doubly unconstitutional and violate federal law as they treat similarly situated citizens unequally and deny 3 out of 4 DeSoto Countians the right to vote based on race,” the lawsuit reads. 

The lawsuit was filed against the three-member State Board of Election Commissioners, which is comprised of Gov. Tate Reeves, Secretary of State Michael Watson and Attorney General Lynn Fitch. Fitch’s office will likely defend the state in the litigation, and her office did not respond to a request for comment. 

State Sen. Mike McLendon, a Republican from Hernando, is not a party to the litigation, but he told Mississippi Today in a statement that he supports the lawsuit. 

“DeSoto County was singled out,” McLendon said. “This is bad legislation that was designed to deny you the opportunity to vote for judges who will exercise authority over every person in this county.”

A subdistrict is used for a judge to be elected from a smaller area in the main district, but the judge can still hear cases from anywhere in the district. 

When legislative leaders redrew the court districts in 2025, they changed the districts to account for population shifts and caseload data, but they also allowed for majority-Black subdistricts in certain areas to give Black voters a chance to elect candidates of their choice. 

The Legislature first created judicial subdistricts in the late 80s and early 90s, partially at the urging of former state Rep. Ed Blackmon Jr., a longtime Democratic legislator from Canton. 

In a recent interview with Mississippi Today, Blackmon said he convinced his legislative colleagues and judges in the state to agree to judicial subdistricts after Blackmon said it would not place an incumbent judge in a subdistrict and would give all judges in the state more resources. 

“Almost every single judge I talked to in the state wanted it,” Blackmon said. “They would say, ‘That’s not a bad thing.’” 

One of Blackmon’s legislative colleagues who bought into the idea was Mike Mills, who, at the time, was the chairman of the House Judiciary A Committee and is now a federal judge in northern Mississippi. The case was initially assigned to Mills, but he recused himself. 

The DeSoto County lawsuit is now before U.S. District Judge Sharion Aycock for consideration, the same judge who previously ruled that Mississippi’s state Supreme Court districts violate the federal Voting Rights Act because they don’t give Black voters a chance to elect a candidate of their choice. 

The U.S. Court of Appeals overturned Aycock’s initial ruling in light of the U.S. Supreme Court’s recent Louisiana v. Callais decision that rolled back protections for minority voters during redistricting. Aycock is now evaluating how that case should proceed. 

The DeSoto County plaintiffs asked Aycock to block the DeSoto County map from going into effect, and a hearing is scheduled to take place on July 22. Aycock would likely have to rule quickly because judicial elections will take place in November.

Gov. Tate Reeves on Tuesday announced that Jabil, a Florida-based manufacturing company, will open a new plant in Marshall County.

The $119-million investment is expected to bring about 2,200 jobs.

“Jabil would not be making this investment unless the company was confident that Mississippi and her people can deliver results. Manufacturing is thriving in Mississippi, and this investment is further proof of that,” Reeves said.

In the announcement, Reeves said that the new project will “support customers in the data center infrastructure market.” According to Jabil’s website, the company builds servers, power systems and liquid cooling that data centers need. No further details were provided on what the plant will produce.

This follows last year’s announcement that the company was investing $70 million in the county to construct a facility that can use X-ray technology to sterilize medical devices. 

“Jabil will bring tremendous economic benefits to Marshall County and will create wonderful career opportunities for our citizens,” said Marshall County Board of Supervisors President George Zinn III. “This investment is a result of a strong collaboration among our state and local partners.”   

“AI infrastructure demand remains extremely strong, and our full-year AI-related revenue outlook is now meaningfully higher,” the company’s CEO Mike Dastoor said in the company’s third quarter report. This year, the company, which had $29.8 billion in revenue in 2025, was named one of Time Magazine’s top 10 most influential manufacturing and logistics businesses.

The data center industry has resulted in unprecedented investment in Mississippi with over $50 billion in spending announced over the past two years. 

Mississippi Today Ideas is a platform for thoughtful Mississippians to share their ideas about our state’s past, present and future. Opinions expressed in guest essays are the author’s own and do not necessarily represent those of Mississippi Today. You can read more about the section here.. 

On Aug. 9, 2018, I stood in the graduation rehearsal line with fellow, future graduates, who would walk across the stage the next day. 

Visually impaired since birth, I have never had a driver’s license. Dora Robertson, my partner of 23 years, drove me to Painter Hall for the graduation rehearsal. Three years earlier, she encouraged me to apply to the master’s in creative writing program at the Mississippi University for Women. After giving a long list of reasons why I couldn’t –  all were connected to my disability and poverty – Dora said, “I will help you.”

I applied. I was accepted. This warm August evening in 2018 was a celebration of our hard work.

The hallway erupted in excitement as the line disassembled. Some people talked with each other. Some talked on their cell phones. Some stood amazed that they were graduating. I stepped from the noisy line. I dialed Dora’s cell, then stepped from Painter Hall. The door swung closed behind me, muffling the noise inside. Clouds lay haphazardly in a clear darkening sky. A perfect day.

“Hello,” Dora said. Immediately, I noticed her speech was different. It was slower. If I didn’t know better, I would’ve sworn she was drunk. 

“Graduation rehearsal is over,” I said.

“Be right there,” she said.

As I waited for her, I wondered what was going on with her voice. I knew she wasn’t drunk. At most, she drank one beer a night. She had probably been drunk twice in her 70 years. I shrugged it off as temporary. It wasn’t. Sixteen months later, we received the diagnosis.  

“Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ALS,” an older doctor with a tired face and slumped shoulders told us. “Life expectancy is two to five years.”

There was no medicine to cure it or slow it down. He prescribed Riluzole, which supposedly might give her a couple extra months. There was nothing else she could try. No way she could contribute to research.

To be eligible for clinical trials, a person must have first symptoms beginning in two years or less. Dora’s first symptoms started two and a half years earlier. Therefore, she wasn’t eligible for a clinical trial. The unspoken message was just go home and die.

We let the words settle. Two to Five years. In an instant, our lives were changed forever. Our holiday season schedule was forever disrupted. No preparing for Thanksgiving and Christmas. No trip to the cemetery on Jonathon’s – Dora’s son who was shot at 12 years old – birthday. No Advent Service. No Christmas parties.

Dora died on Feb. 2, 2020, 76 days after diagnosis. On March 3, 2020, I joined “I AM ALS,” a patient-led movement to end ALS, where I started advocating for treatments and cures for all people living with ALS.

In 2020 I advocated for the Accelerating Access to Critical Therapies for ALS Act or ACT for ALS, introduced in the House of Representatives by Rep. Jeff Fortenberry, a Nebraska Republican, and Mike Quiggley, an Illinois Democrat.

A companion bill was introduced in the Senate by Chris Coons, a Delaware Democrat, and Lisa Murkowski, an Alaska Republican, The bipartisan bill was signed into law by President Joe Biden in December of 2021. 

The law directs $500 million over five years toward research, accelerates drug development and expands access to investigative treatments for people living with ALS who are not eligible for clinical trials.

People like Dora.

The ACT for ALS is scheduled to expire on Sept. 30. The bill was reintroduced for reauthorization in the House of Representatives by Reps. Quiggley and Ken Calvert , a California Republican. They were joined in the Senate by Sens. Murkowski and Coons.

With no legal ties to one another, Dora and I navigated ALS one day at a time with me as her only caregiver. For 76 days, I took care of her. For 76 days, we faced statements like, “Dora Gail needs to go to the hospital,”  or “Take her home and keep her comfortable.”

Seventy-six days of slow calculated steps – with me behind her supporting her for balance – to the bathroom, doctors’ appointments and hospital stays. Seventy-six days of knowing she was going to die, knowing no one was coming to save us, knowing we couldn’t afford Riluzole, the medicine that wouldn’t cure the disease.

And on the night of that 75th day, I knelt beside her as she slipped into the active phase of death. Her last words to me were, “I love you.”

Her words sustained me through the horror of watching her body being removed from our home, and they sustained me as I stood on the front porch listening to the zipper on the body bag. Metal against metal solidifying the end of her life, the end of our life together, but not the end of ALS.

Her words sustained me through the return of medical equipment, through the condolence calls and through the funeral, where I sat at the back at the request of her family. They sustained me through the long days of the pandemic, the empty chair at the kitchen table and the cold reality that if Lou Gehrig were diagnosed today, he’d have the same prognosis.

ACT for ALS gives hope to people living with ALS. With its expanded access programs, it gives people ineligible for clinical trials an opportunity to try new drugs and therapies. An ALS diagnosis is one of exclusion and often leads to a delay in diagnosis that causes clinical trial ineligibility.

This landmark law has already made a measurable difference, addressing numerous gaps in research, infrastructure and access. The ACT has established access to promising therapies for hundreds of people, established grant programs for rare neurodegenerative diseases and built a coordinated national research ecosystem, driving unprecedented progress toward a cure for ALS.

Each year 6,000 Americans are diagnosed with ALS. Veterans are up to two times likelier to receive an ALS diagnosis than their civilian counterparts.

Significant strides have been made in research, yet there is still no cure. People are still dying. When I entered the ALS community, I had only one connection to ALS. Now, I have far too many ALS connections to count.

Nearly six years after Dora’s death, I work with ALS Problem Solvers, ALS Hope Foundation, Everything ALS, ALS Therapy Development Institute, Les Turner ALS Foundation and I AM ALS  for the reauthorization of ACT for ALS. I advocate for continuity in care, more effective therapies, a more efficient diagnosis process and for an end to ALS.

I stood by Dora during her ALS journey. Today, I continue to stand for all people living with and or impacted by ALS. I urge everyone to contact your senators and representatives and ask them to reauthorize ACT for ALS.

Katrina Byrd, a lover of feather boas, is a storyteller living in Jackson. A six time recipient of Mississippi Arts Commission’s grants, Byrd received her master’s in creative writing from Mississippi University for Women. Byrd is also an ALS advocate who serves on the ALS Hope Foundations Veterans Action Committee. She will speak this week at the Living WellThoreau, Health and Flourishing 2026 Annual Gathering hosted by the Henry David Thoreau Alliance in Concord, Massachusetts. 

The Jackson City Council met twice on Monday to debate the future of data centers in the city. 

For over two hours, council members heard from the city attorney, the planning department director, the county economic developer and Jackson residents. 

The Economic and Development Committee on Monday afternoon discussed a regulatory framework for data centers and the City Council at an evening meeting introduced a temporary moratorium that if passed would stop all data center development until regulations are passed.

This follows a June meeting where the council made it clear that no data centers would move forward in Jackson without regulations.

While a developer is interested in potentially bringing a data center to the city, the project is far from a sure thing. Council members have said that they want to be proactive when it comes to regulating the industry. 

Nationwide, data centers have become a hot-button political issue from small towns to Congress. There are six large data center projects underway in Mississippi and economic developers across the state have said that there are developers looking to build more. 

At the Economic and Development Committee meeting, Jackson City Attorney Drew Martin presented a draft of an ordinance change that incorporates feedback from council members and residents from a recent public hearing. Martin was clear that the document is still a work in progress and said that whether the changes are enacted or even introduced depends on city officials. 

The draft currently includes definitions, zoning laws and opportunities for council review. Council President Brian Grizzell said it would take time for the body to vote on any new ordinances. 

Ward 7 Council Member Kevin Parkinson asked Hinds County Economic Development Authority Executive Director Hunter Gardner whether a data center moratorium would kill any potential project.

Gardner told the council that data center developers are primarily concerned with energy availability, speed and minimizing risk. He added that a data center moratorium could indicate to businesses that there would be extra hurdles to overcome and might dissuade some. 

“I think they’re a lot less dangerous than some people perceive when they’re properly permitted and properly located,” Ward 1 Council Member Ashby Foote said.

In May, Foote wrote an opinion column about data centers and how they could bring “gushers of ad valorem tax receipts that will last for decades.” Jackson has struggled for years with a declining tax base as its population has shrunk. This year’s city revenue is falling short of what was budgeted.  

Economic development for Jackson?

The debate around data centers has also become a conversation about economic development in Jackson. Residents and officials asked why the city has not seen large business projects as other cities have grown and seen private investment. 

Tina Clay said that she wants development besides a data center that would bring “jobs and revenue and taxes.” Other council members said they want to see more grocery stores in the city. 

Gardner, who has been in the job for about a year, said that it is “critical that we have positive economic development in Jackson.” He stressed the need to have a long-term plan and promised to engage with the council. 

Jackson residents weigh in on six-month moratorium 

Council President Brian Grizzell clarified at the beginning of the packed evening meeting that the council is only discussing a moratorium and not changes to the city’s zoning ordinance. 

Grizzell proposed a six-month data center moratorium just as the city Planning Commission was considering an application to rezone land for a potential data center in northwest Jackson. The application by the New Jersey-based developer is being delayed until the city finalizes regulations.  

The application was met with swift community pushback. A slew of community meetings have been held where residents have overwhelmingly expressed concern about the environmental and health impact of a data center in Jackson, especially whether a data center would strain Jackson’s water system and other utilities.  

Many of the same concerns were reiterated at Monday’s meeting with some calling for a permanent ban on data centers and others for more evidence based research to be done on the topic. 

“Ideally, the council would ban development and expansion of data centers. But in lieu of that, a temporary moratorium is vital,” Jackson resident Jackie Warren Tatum said.

Jackson is not the first city to enact local rules governing data centers. Clarksdale rezoned a property with conditional uses for a data center as part of its approval. Clinton and Ridgeland recently amended their zoning ordinances to regulate data centers after construction on such projects had begun within the cities. 

Grizzell said that it was important to “have the regulations in place to make sure that we maintain a sustainable city and also protect the lives of Jacksonians.” 

The six-month moratorium will be considered at the next regular city council meeting on July 14, at 10 A.M. 

Former Jackson Mayor Chokwe Antar Lumumba and former City Council member Aaron Banks on Monday pleaded guilty to conspiracy in a federal corruption case that rocked Mississippi’s capital city.

Their pleas come a week after Hinds County District Attorney Jody Owens made a similar plea in the case and a week before Lumumba and Banks were set to go to trial.

A federal grand jury indicted Lumumba, Owens and Banks in 2024 on multiple charges.

On Monday, Lumumba pleaded guilty to one count of conspiracy to commit bribery, wire fraud and money laundering, with Banks pleading guilty to one count conspiracy to commit bribery. They face penalties of up to five years in prison, a fine up to $250,000, and the government on Monday said it will be requesting restitution.

Sentencing for the three has been tentatively set for Oct. 15, and they will remain out of jail until then.

As Lumumba left the packed courtroom, some of his supporters placed their hands on their chests. Wiping tears from his eyes, he received hugs from his friends and family members. Outside the courthouse, the former mayor was swarmed by reporters as he was ushered to his car. He declined to comment, but lawyers from the National Conference of Black Lawyers defended his legacy and said the case reflected “double standards.”

“For all his supporters out here, as you can see, the legacy has not been tarnished,” said attorney Jaribu Hill. “What’s been tarnished, if anything, is the ongoing facade of justice.”

Lumumba’s prosecution was the continuation of a long history of Black elected officials facing disproportionate scrutiny, the attorneys said.

“Today’s proceedings mark the conclusion of one chapter in Mayor Lumumba’s legal journey, but they do not end the larger national conversation about equal administration of justice,” said Mawuli Davis, an attorney for the national group. “Mayor Lumumba accepted accountability for the count before the court today. That decision should not obscure the broader historical reality that Black elected officials have too often exercised leadership under a level of prosecutorial scrutiny and political pressure that is neither equally applied nor equally experienced.”

Banks, accompanied by his father and wife, did not address reporters as he left the federal courthouse.

The three officials served as Democrats. Lumumba was mayor from 2017 until mid-2025, when he lost his bid for reelection. Lumumba had vowed to transform Jackson into “the most radical city on the planet.” 

Owens was first elected in 2019 as the top prosecutor in Mississippi’s largest county. A self-proclaimed “progressive prosecutor,” he had run with national support. He resigned when he pleaded guilty last week. 

Banks served as Ward 6 councilman from 2017 to 2025, representing south Jackson. A political organizer, he started working for the city during Lumumba’s father’s mayoral administration in 2013.

The pleadings prevent what was a highly anticipated trial from taking place, meaning the public will not see the full extent of the federal investigation into Jackson.

Owens had planned to argue the federal government entrapped him. Banks had intended to argue his innocence at trial, according to court documents, while Lumumba primarily contended in court filings that he did not take an “official action” in exchange for bribes from agents posing as developers.

The Mississippi Bar Association on Monday asked the state Supreme Court to immediately suspend Owens from practicing law because of his guilty plea.

READ MORE: Hinds County District Attorney Jody Owens pleads guilty to conspiracy

Beginning as early as 2023, two undercover FBI agents posed as real estate developers in a sting that mimicked operations the federal authorities have brought in other cities. The two agents sought to build a convention center hotel in downtown Jackson on a plot of land the city had previously obtained a federal loan to develop.

Prosecutors allege the scheme worked like this: The agents, purporting to represent a company called Facility Solutions Team, funneled money through an unsuspecting Owens to Lumumba and Banks, who were then supposed to help the developers secure the city’s approval to use federal funds to build a downtown convention center hotel. 

In the indictment, prosecutors alleged that Lumumba accepted $50,000 in campaign donations in exchange for assisting the developers in obtaining the city’s blessing. 

The indictment alleges that while Lumumba was on a yacht off the coast of Florida, he discussed the payment Owens was going to give him on behalf of the developers. Then he placed a call asking a city employee to shorten the bid window for the hotel development. 

Lumumba, 43, described this action as “ministerial at best,” according to court documents, thus not in line with how federal law and the courts have defined an official action a public official must take as part of a quid pro quo. 

Two others had already pleaded guilty in the scheme: Another former City Council member, Angelique Lee, and Owens’ cousin and associate, Sherik “Marve” Smith, who pleaded to acting as a go-between for the district attorney with both Lumumba and Banks.

Federal investigators were drawn to Jackson as early as 2022 after years of public accusations of corruption among its leaders. In just one instance, a city councilmember wrote the U.S. Attorney’s Office asking them to investigate Lumumba while he was mayor. 

Unlike his co-defendants, Banks, 48, did not agree to the government’s best offer, the assistant U.S. attorney prosecuting the case, Dave Fulcher, told the judge. Banks’ previous offer would have required him to cooperate with the federal government, a difference his court-appointed lawyer, Carlos Tanner, described as “only technical.” 

Banks made the decision to plead after Owens took the plea agreement last week.

The courtroom was standing-room-only for Lumumba’s plea. His head was bowed as Fulcher read out the facts that he said the government would have proven at trial. U.S. District Judge Daniel P. Jordan III asked the former mayor if he agreed with the facts the prosecutor described.

“I accept the facts that he just said,” Lumumba responded.

The judge paused and reiterated his question.

“I agree,” Lumumba said.

Update, 7/6/2026: This story has been updated to add information about former Jackson Mayor Chokwe Antar Lumumba and former Councilman Aaron Banks pleading guilty.

The wheels of justice rattled on in the days after Hinds County District Attorney Jody Owens pleaded guilty to conspiracy and resigned from office. 

As the now-former district attorney cleaned out his office on the fifth floor of the Hinds County Courthouse, more routine scenarios unfolded in the courtrooms below. 

In Circuit Judge Debra Gibbs’s courtroom Wednesday, a 26-year-old man pleaded guilty to second-degree murder and received a 40-year sentence.

That same day, another man indicted for aiding and abetting the 26-year-old appeared in Circuit Judge Adrienne Wooten’s courtroom for a status hearing. To the judge’s irritation, the man’s attorney was absent and hadn’t properly notified the court, meaning the judge wouldn’t receive an update on the man’s case. 

She sighed audibly into the microphone and sent the man home. 

Defendants hadn’t checked in with their public defenders. Deputies yelled their names loudly into the courtroom hallways, to no avail. Young men waiting for their cases to be called sat in the audience, hunched over and alone. Families watched anxiously as their shackled loved ones faced the judge and were sent back to the Raymond Detention Center. 

Attorneys discussed plea offers, missing evidence and motions for continuances. The prosecutor, Deputy Chief Gwen Agho, assured Wooten that if the judge called a case to trial in August, “we can be ready.”

For all the headlines generated by Owens’ alleged and admitted actions, the bulk of the work prosecuting cases in Hinds County is undertaken by some 15 assistant district attorneys in five courtrooms, oftentimes at docket calls just like this one.

And the work of the district attorney’s office is continuing even as its leadership is in limbo. The Mississippi Bar Association on Monday asked the state Supreme Court to immediately suspend Owens from practicing law because of his guilty plea.

Whoever takes the reins next at the Hinds County District Attorney’s Office, the work of prosecuting cases will continue. State law says the governor will call an election to fill the office of a district attorney who has resigned. Republican Gov. Tate Reeves will make an emergency appointment to fill the vacancy until an election is held. 

“If the person who leads Ford Motor Company resigns, they still make cars,” said Matt Steffey, a professor at the Mississippi Christian University School of Law. 

After Owens, a Democrat, won election in 2019, critics sometimes commented that the former head of the Southern Poverty Law Center’s Mississippi branch wasn’t a career prosecutor and had never tried a case before. 

On paper, that’s what a district attorney does. According to state statute, the job of a district attorney is to handle “all criminal prosecutions and all civil cases in which the state or any county within his district may be interested.” 

But in Hinds County, more than 2,000 felony cases are resolved each year – by far the busiest criminal docket in the state. 

The district attorney can’t address the enormous case load alone on top of other duties, such as lobbying at the Capitol, serving on appointed commissions, signing checks, seeking grants and making budget requests to the board of supervisors. 

Not to mention campaigning for reelection. 

With that workload, the job of Hinds County district attorney becomes more about managing and delegating, said Jim Kitchens, a former Mississippi Supreme Court justice who was a district attorney earlier in this career. 

“Most of the trial work – the pick and shovel work, if you will – is done by assistant district attorneys,” he said. 

Of course, when tasked with prosecuting a high-profile case, Kitchens said the district attorney will sometimes step in. Owens did that a few times early on in his five and a half years in office, such as in the case of a Provine High School teacher who was convicted in November 2020 of fondling a student. 

But in the vast majority of cases, it is the assistant district attorneys who are tasked with carrying out the district attorney’s agenda. 

For Owens, that agenda was encompassed by the phrase, “Smart Justice.” During his initial campaign, Owens described the slogan as encompassing a number of policies that could reduce mass incarceration in Hinds County, including an increased emphasis on pre-trial diversion for people who had never been accused of a crime before, as well as sending more people to drug court. 

But when it came to prosecuting violent cases, the policy was more nuanced. In a 2023 annual report, Owens described “Smart Justice” as “evaluating every case in terms of the best result for both the victim and the community.”

To that end, despite campaign promises that his office would not charge people for “low-level marijuana possession,” Owens did not have a blanket policy against prosecuting certain drug crimes. Instead, assistant district attorneys evaluated whether a person had a criminal history or if they faced violent charges in addition to the drug offense, according to office policies. 

In most cases, assistant district attorneys were given latitude to make their own plea negotiations, said Joe Hemleben, a former assistant district attorney who worked under Owens from 2022 to 2025.

But in an effort to push back on the perception that Hinds County was not tough on violent offenses, Owens was involved in every plea decision for murder cases, with most offers starting at the maximum sentence of 40 years for second-degree murder. 

Prosecutors had to write a memo to Owens justifying why a plea deal was warranted, according to an office handbook. In response, Owens often pushed for longer sentences – a stance that rankled some defense attorneys who expected more mercy from a self-proclaimed “progressive prosecutor.” 

Another way Owens brought more uniformity to the office was through the adoption of an electronic case management system called Karpel. Under his predecessor, the controversial Robert Shuler Smith, the office worked with paper files. 

With the newer system, prosecutors can request case files from the police, who upload digital documents that can be automatically transferred to the defense. 

Still, issues with missing discovery persist for reasons beyond the district attorney’s control. 

Toward the end of Wooten’s docket call, the judge called a defendant named Sydney Wright to the stand. The shackled man walked from the jury box, where he had been sitting with the other detainees, to the podium to stand next to his attorney. 

“The status is basically the same,” said public defender Zach Adkins, who was assigned earlier this year to defend Wright against charges of aggravated assault and car burglary. 

Adkins explained that he would have trouble moving the case forward because the discovery he had received so far lacked two files he believed were important to Wright’s defense: a recording of an interview with one of Wright’s co-defendants, and a record reflecting an interaction Wright had with police before he was arrested where he had allegedly offered information Adkins believed might be used against him. 

Jackson Police Department Detective Stephanie Burse had referenced the incidents in her affidavit, but the prosecution didn’t include the documents in the file that Adkins received. 

The prosecution seemed just as confused as Adkins. 

“What should I be looking for, a report, a video?” asked Agho, the lead prosecutor in the courtroom. 

“I don’t know,” Adkins responded. “Something that documents the interaction.” 

Adkins then informed the judge that the name of one of Wright’s co-defendants was misspelled in the indictment. 

Wooten called the next case. Another defendant stood before her without his lawyer. 

“He didn’t know I had court today,” said the man facing a capital murder charge that carries life in prison without parole. 

Update, 7/6/2026: This article has been updated to show that the Mississippi Bar Association is asking the state Supreme Court to immediately suspend Jody Owens from practicing law.