The conservative 5th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals on has ruled that it would not change its prior decree that Mississippi cannot count mail-in absentee ballots that arrive after Election Day.
The order means that Mississippi’s law allowing election workers to process mail-in ballots for up to five business days after the election will be suspended for all federal elections. The law only allowed the workers to count ballots postmarked by Election Day.
The ruling does not impact state or local races, including Mississippi’s upcoming municipal elections. Mississippi’s next federal election will be the 2026 midterm, where all four of Mississippi’s U.S. House members are up for reelection, as well as U.S. Sen. Cindy Hyde-Smith.
The recent order affirms an October ruling from a three-judge court that sided with the Republican National Committee and the Libertarian Party of Mississippi, who sued Secretary of State Michael Watson’s office because he administers the state’s elections.
The order stated that Judges Jennifer Elrod, Edith Jones, Jerry Smith, Priscilla Richman, Catharina Haynes, Don Willet, James Ho, Stuart Duncan, Kurt Engelhardt and Andrew Oldham voted for denying the rehearing.
Judges Carl Stewart, James Graves, Stephen Higginson, Dana Douglas and Carrillo Ramirez dissented with the majority and voted in favor of a rehearing. Judges Leslie Southwick and Cory Wilson did not participate in the rehearing consideration.
Judge Oldham, writing for the majority, said the law that the Legislature enacted in 2020 to allow election workers to count mail-in ballots that arrived up to five days after the election conflicts with federal law because Congress had not explicitly granted states the authority to process ballots after Election Day.
“The question presented to the panel was whether, in the absence of any federal statute authorizing any deviation from the uniform Election Day requirement, States nonetheless have freedom to accept ballots for as long as they would like,” Oldham wrote. “The panel held no.”
It’s unclear if Secretary Watson’s office will appeal the ruling to the U.S. Supreme Court. Both Watson and Attorney General Lynn Fitch’s office told Mississippi Today they are reviewing the court’s decision.
In a dissent, Judge Graves, a former Mississippi Supreme Court judge, wrote that the overwhelming majority of existing case law grants states the ability to regulate the finite details of federal elections.
“Simply stated, federal law does not mandate that ballots be received by state officials before Election Day’s conclusion, and the panel’s contrary holding is erroneous,” Graves wrote.
The ruling also comes during the dwindling days of the 2025 legislative session, where lawmakers could try to address the issue. If legislators pass a measure that removes the five-day timeframe, the litigation would be moot.
Senate Elections Chairman Jeremy England said he doubts the Legislature will address the issue this session, meaning the only way for the state to address the ruling is to appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court.
Tampa Bay Rays Jake Mangum is greeted in the dugout after scoring a run in the third inning of a spring training baseball game against the Pittsburgh Pirates in Port Charlotte, Fla., Monday, March 4, 2024. (AP Photo/Gerald Herbert)
Jake Mangum, the all-time Southeastern Conference hits leader,, turned 29 earlier this month. He’s a young man, unless we’re talking about his baseball age. Baseball-wise, to use a golf analogy, he’s making the turn and heading to the back nine.
Mangum, perhaps the most popular player in Mississippi State history, now has played five seasons in the minor leagues for three different Major League franchises without getting a chance to play in a big league regular season game. The Tampa Bay Rays last November placed Mangum on their 40-man Major League roster, but they can only keep 26 to begin the regular season. Every projection I’ve seen does not include Mangum in that number. And, frankly, this long-time baseball observer does not understand why.
A switch-hitter, Mangum has hit at every level. He runs the bases exceedingly well. He is an outstanding fielder, who can play any of the three outfield positions with remarkable range and a strong, accurate arm. From all accounts, he is a team player, indeed a leader.
But Mangum is also walking, talking, line drive-hitting proof of how Big League baseball has morphed over the years. It is now all about power, all about the long ball.
When I talked to Mangum Tuesday, he was enjoying only his second day off this spring training at the Tampa Bay Rays facility in downtown St. Petersburg. Ten days away from the Rays’ season opener, Mangum does not know whether he would begin the regular season with the Major League club – or back in Class AAA with the Durham Bulls.
“Obviously, I really hope to be in the Major Leagues on opening day,” he said. “But I don’t control that. If I’m back in Triple A, I’ll keep working, keep hitting and believing that good things will happen.”
Know this: Mangum has done everything within his power to make his Major League dream come true. Look at the numbers.
Yes, look at the numbers. As this is written, Mangum has hit .429, having played in 15 of the Rays’ 20 spring training games. He has hit safely in 12 of 28 at bats, with three doubles and two home runs. He leads the Rays in runs batted in with nine. And, yes, that’s a small sample size, but Mangum’s stats are far better than any of the projected Rays’ outfield starters. Center fielder Jonny DeLuca has hit .188 with no extra base hits. (DeLuca hit .217 with the Rays last season.) Mangum would hit better than .188 cross-handed.
Again, the knock on Mangum has always been that he doesn’t hit for power. (He has hit 24 home runs, 101 doubles and 21 triples over five minor league seasons.) But he has worked his tail off to build muscle and add pop. This past Sunday, Mangum smashed two home runs and drove in four runs in a victory over the Washington Nationals.
Jake Mangum could often be found in front of microphones and cameras during his Mississippi State days. Credit: Rick Cleveland
“First time I’ve homered twice in one game in my life, all the way back to little league,” Mangum said. “Best thing about it, I hit one to the pull side and the other to the opposite field.”
Mangum, dating back to his days at Jackson Prep and then Mississippi State, always has used the whole field from both sides of the plate. Pitch him inside, and he’ll pull it down the line for extra bases. Pitch him away, he’ll go to the opposite field. That hasn’t changed, except for the fact that he is added muscle and therefore bat speed.
“Every year, you get a little stronger,” Mangum said. “I’ve been training hard, working on my body. Look, baseball is hard, hitting a baseball against Major League pitching is really, really difficult.
“It’s such a challenging game, but I feel really good at the plate right now,” Mangum said. “I am not trying to hit home runs. I am just trying to hit the ball hard on a line as many times as I can. If I get under it a little and it goes out, that’s great, too.”
Mangum says he has a good relationship with Rays manager Kevin Cash, who he calls “a winner.”
And Cash has had good things to say about Mangum, praising his defense, his ntensity, his hitting and his persistence. “Those guys that stick at it, trying to get that opportunity to make their mark in the big leagues, it’s easy to root for them. It’s easy to pull for them,” Cash told Adam Berry, who covers the Rays for mlb.com.
Said Mangum, “I’m doing what I love and I’ll do it as long as they’ll let me. I love baseball.”
Surely, someday, hopefully soon, baseball will love him back.
Updated 3/19/24: Shortly after this column published Wednesday morning, the Tampa Bay Rays optioned Jake Mangum to the club’s Class AAA team, the Durham Bulls.
The GOP-controlled House and Senate passed competing “compromise” plans on Tuesday to eliminate the state income tax and raise gasoline taxes — but the Senate only narrowly passed its plan with the help of four Democrats.
The proposals advanced by each chamber continue a debate over the potential risks and rewards of drastically altering the tax structure in the poorest state in the country as federal spending cuts loom.
Tuesday’s Senate vote raises the question of whether that chamber could pass a more aggressive income tax elimination proposal even if the Republican Senate leadership reaches an agreement with House leaders.
The legislative dynamics
The state Constitution requires a three-fifths majority of lawmakers to approve tax bills, so if Democrats Sarita Simmons of Cleveland, Juan Barnett of Heidelberg, Gary Brumfield of Magnolia and Angela Turner Ford of West Point had not joined the Republican majority to support the measure, it would have failed.
“You know what they call a medical school student who finished last in his class? A doctor,” Senate Finance Chairman Josh Harkins told reporters after the close vote.
Only a couple of votes could have derailed the bill in the Senate because four Republican senators voted against the measure, and four Republicans voted “present.”
Harkins said the razor-thin margin shows how fragile the coalition of support is in the 51-member chamber and how there isn’t an enormous appetite to accelerate the income tax elimination rapidly as the House proposes.
Some Democratic senators, including Minority Leader Derrick Simmons, appeared frustrated that four of their colleagues broke from them to ensure the measure’s passage.
“Time and time again, I’ve seen where (Democrats) have had the ability to exert our power, yet we have fallen short by not voting in solidarity with the working people of Mississippi,” Simmons told Mississippi Today.
Ahead of a Tuesday evening deadline, the House also passed an updated version of its original tax reform package in a 91-27 vote, with 11 Democrats crossing party lines in the Republican-controlled chamber to support the bill. Unlike the Senate, every Republican in the House chamber has voted to eliminate the income tax.
Debate centers on slashing state budget as federal cuts loom
Republican House Ways and Means Trey Lamar said the House proposal slashes state revenues to give working people tax cuts.
“This bill is the most substantial tax cut for Mississippians that this state has ever known or seen,” Lamar said.
House Democratic Leader Robert Johnson called the bill “grossly irresponsible” and “dangerous,” arguing it would hollow out the state’s budget at a time when the federal government is considering vast spending cuts to programs Mississippi relies on.
“We are the poorest state in the union, the lowest per capita income in the country … They are getting ready to put you in a situation where it doesn’t matter how much money they put back in your pockets,” Johnson said. “Be cognizant of the fact that you elected people to come in here and gut your public services, gut your public education, gut your public safety and gut your public health.”
Experts have told Mississippi Today that deep federal spending cuts, along with the elimination of the state income tax, could reduce Mississippi’s ability to fund services. Some also warn the shift to a more regressive form of taxation would hit poor and low-income Mississippians hardest.
Mississippi is perennially among the most federally dependent states, receiving nearly a 3-1 return for every dollar in federal taxes it pays. Both Republican and Democratic lawmakers have expressed fear of the economic impact of federal cuts.
The focus of future negotiations
Now that the two chambers have passed alternative tax cut plans, six lawmakers will likely try to work out a final agreement in a conference committee.
Going forward, the Senate is unlikely to accept a deal that increases the state sales tax and does not change the structure of the Public Employees Retirement System. The Senate is pushing a “hybrid” retirement plan to shore up the system financially by cutting benefits for future employees.
House Speaker Jason White said he plans to press the Senate to move off its “hard condition” of overhauling PERS. His caucus wants a dedicated stream of revenue for the retirement system. The House has proposed diverting most of the state’s lottery proceeds to PERS, or he suggested for the first time Tuesday that revenue from legalizing online sports betting could also help the system.
“The spot we’ve identified for additional revenue is mobile sports betting, where we’re losing to illegal gambling now,” White said. If (the Senate) wants to keep the amount of either gas tax or sales that has to be raised to offset this income tax (cut), then we should look at that as a valid place to look.”
Legalizing mobile sports betting has been another wedge between the chambers. The House has passed legislation this session to legalize the practice but the measure faces opposition in the Senate.
A look at the latest tax proposals
The new House Plan would:
Fully eliminate the state income tax by 2037. The elimination would begin phasing in after the state next year finishes implementing another income tax cut it approved in 2022. The phase-in period would take a decade, beginning with a reduction from 4% to 3.5% and then lowering further from there.
Cut about $2.2 billion from the state’s current $7 billion general fund. The state would also raise about $750 million through tax increases. But much of collected through tax increases would go to the general fund.
Increase the state’s net sales tax from 7% to 8%. The revenue from this tax increase would provide $48 million annually to pay for infrastructure improvements via the State Aid Road Fund. The remaining money would go into the state’s general fund.
Add a new 15-cents-a-gallon excise tax on gasoline. The tax increase would be phased in at 5 cents a year over three years. This would be added to the current 18.4-cents-a-gallon excise Mississippi motorists currently pay.
Cut the sales tax on groceries from 7% to 5%.
Increase the state’s “use yax,” which is imposed on goods purchased outside the state or online, from 7% to 8%.
Create a new fund that gives those over the age of 65 property tax credits of $200 a year. The fund would be paid for by revenue from the use tax increase referenced above.
Transfer $100 million per year from the state lottery system into the public employee retirement system.
The new Senate plan would:
Decrease the 4% income tax rate by .25% each year from 2027 to 2030 and leave it at 3% in 2030.
After it reaches 3%, the income tax would be reduced with “growth triggers” or at a proportional rate depending on the difference between the state’s revenue and spending plans that year.
Reduce the sales tax on groceries from 7% to 5%.
Increase the 18.4-cents-a-gallon gasoline tax by 9 cents over three years, for a total of 27.4 cents, then this would increase automatically based on the cost of road construction.
Change benefits for government employees hired after March 2026 to a “hybrid” retirement that includes part-defined benefit and part-defined contribution.
Dr. Randy Easterling speaks during a press conference advocating for Medicaid expansion and protection at the Mississippi Capitol in Jackson, Miss., on Tuesday, March 18, 2025. Credit: Eric Shelton/Mississippi Today
Supporters hold signs in support of Medicaid expansion and protection during a press conference at the Mississippi Capitol in Jackson, Miss., on Tuesday, March 18, 2025. The event was organized by Care4Mississippi and the Mississippi Women’s Economic Security Initiative. Credit: Eric Shelton/Mississippi Today
Jason Coker, president of Together for Hope, speaks during a press conference advocating for Medicaid expansion and protection at the Mississippi Capitol in Jackson, Miss., on Tuesday, March 18, 2025. The event was organized by Care4Mississippi and the Mississippi Women’s Economic Security Initiative. Credit: Eric Shelton/Mississippi Today
Supporters and lawmakers pray at the start of a press conference advocating for Medicaid expansion and protection at the Mississippi Capitol in Jackson, Miss., on Tuesday, March 18, 2025. The event was organized by Care4Mississippi and the Mississippi Women’s Economic Security Initiative, a coalition focused on improving economic policies for women and families. Credit: Eric Shelton/Mississippi Today
Robin Jackson, director of Policy Advocacy at the Mississippi Black Women’s Roundtable, speaks during a press conference advocating for Medicaid expansion and protection at the Mississippi Capitol in Jackson, Miss., on Tuesday, March 18, 2025. Credit: Eric Shelton/Mississippi Today
Supporters listen to speakers during a press conference advocating for Medicaid expansion and protection at the Mississippi Capitol in Jackson, Miss., on Tuesday, March 18, 2025. Credit: Eric Shelton/Mississippi Today
A supporter holds a sign reading “Leave No One Behind” during a press conference advocating for Medicaid expansion and protection at the Mississippi Capitol in Jackson, Miss., on Tuesday, March 18, 2025. Credit: Eric Shelton/Mississippi Today
Sonya Williams Barnes, state policy director for Southern Poverty Law Center, speaks during a press conference advocating for Medicaid expansion and protection at the Mississippi Capitol in Jackson, Miss., on Tuesday, March 18, 2025. Credit: Eric Shelton/Mississippi Today
Supporters listen as Dr. Randy Easterling speaks during a press conference advocating for Medicaid expansion and protection at the Mississippi Capitol in Jackson, Miss., on Tuesday, March 18, 2025. Credit: Eric Shelton/Mississippi Today
Dozens of advocates, doctors and spiritual leaders gathered outside the Capitol Tuesday to call for the “defense and expansion of Medicaid.”
“Medicaid is not just an insurance program – it is a lifeline for 707,000 Mississippians,” said Sonya Williams Barnes, the state policy director for Southern Poverty Law Center. “Medicaid ensures that 315,000 children receive the health care they need … Make no mistakes: A cut to Medicaid directly harms our most vulnerable.”
With federal changes threatening already-existing health care programs, defending Medicaid for vulnerable groups such as those who are pregnant, elderly or disabled has become the new goal for Mississippi advocates. Expanding Medicaid – arguably the biggest issue of the historic 2024 legislative session – has taken a backseat.
But some urge it’s as important as ever.
“In this moment we cannot shift gears, after all these years, and only beg our elected officials to save Medicaid,” the Rev. Jason Coker said. “We can’t give up that ground at a moment when we need to be gaining ground. We’ve got to keep pushing for Medicaid expansion, while we demand and pray for Medicaid to continue uncut.”
Key lawmakers have said expanding Medicaid in Mississippi is all but dead this year – though a vehicle for expansion is still alive in the Legislature.
“In a most practical sense, I’d say we probably won’t be doing anything this year,” Senate Medicaid Chairman Kevin Blackwell told Mississippi Today.
Mississippi is one of 10 states not to expand Medicaid, which would give health insurance to hundreds of thousands of low-income working Mississippians who can’t afford private health insurance and don’t qualify for subsidies that make marketplace insurance affordable.
“What kind of society are we to compound suffering with catastrophic costs to those in our congregations and so many across our state who fall within that coverage gap?” Coker asked.
Dr. Randy Easterling, former president of the Mississippi State Medical Association, recounted a story of an uninsured patient who was diagnosed with multiple myeloma, a kind of cancer, around the same time that Easterling’s insured relative was also diagnosed with the disease. The uninsured patient, Jimmy, died, while Easterling’s relative is now in remission.
“Is this what we boil down to?” Easterling asked. “If you have insurance, you live, if you don’t, you die? Let me tell you something, folks: That’s not what I signed up for when I went to medical school.”
Editor’s note: Errick Simmons is the third-term mayor of Greenville. This article is part of an ongoing Mississippi Today Ideas series showcasing perspectives of mayors across the state.
As mayor of Greenville, it’s my honor to share our city’s journey of growth and transformation. Greenville isn’t just a point on a map — it’s a vibrant community with a rich history, culture and shared vision for the future.
With billions of dollars in investments flowing into Greenville, including the recent $1.2 billion Entergy project, we’re witnessing the dawn of a new era. These milestones are creating opportunities across education, healthcare, infrastructure and economic development, fueling a Greenville that’s resilient, inclusive and built to last.
Historic investments reshaping Greenville
Greenville is seeing an unprecedented wave of investment that touches every corner of our community. In addition to a new federal courthouse positioning Greenville as a judicial hub, we’ve launched the Greenville Kearns Aerospace Maintenance (GKAM) program. In partnership with Mississippi Delta Community College, this initiative provides local students with hands-on aviation training, opening pathways to high-paying, skilled careers right here at home.
Through Mississippi’s first formalized college network — the Greenville College Access and Attainment Network (GCAAN) — we’re helping students move from high school to college with the support, resources and mentorship they need.
Greenville Mayor Errick Simmons
This past fall, we celebrated the groundbreaking $1.2 billion Entergy investment, which will transform Greenville, Washington County and the greater Delta region. Entergy’s new combined-cycle combustion turbine facility will use dual-fuel technology, primarily natural gas with hydrogen blending capability, enhancing energy reliability while moving toward cleaner power. Scheduled for completion in 2028, this plant will be Entergy’s first newly built natural gas station in 50 years and is expected to bring valuable jobs to our residents.
To add another billion-dollar icing on the cake, the Kinder Morgan Mississippi Crossing Project, a $1.4 billion natural gas project, is designed to transport 1.5 billion cubic feet of natural gas per day from Greenville to Butler, Alabama, with a planned operation date of November 2028. This project will create 700 temporary construction jobs.
Health and food access for a thriving community
Beyond economic development, we’re prioritizing health and food security, recognizing that wellness is foundational to a thriving community. Through partnerships with Mars Food, Molina Healthcare and Kroger, we’re expanding access to nutritious foods, addressing food deserts, and ensuring every Greenville resident has healthy options.
In healthcare, Delta Health System’s Mississippi Delta Family Residency Program and Delta Health Center’s new clinic are not only providing much-needed medical services but also training future medical providers who are passionate about serving right here in the Delta. This work is about more than access; it’s about building equity in the health of our community.
A resilient infrastructure for Greenville’s future
Our infrastructure investments are reshaping Greenville. With $260 million invested in the Greenville Freight Corridor, we’re creating new efficiencies for local businesses and industries. We’ve committed $92 million for essential road, bridge and wastewater repairs, and an additional $50 million in funding is supporting flood recovery and building resilience against future disasters. These projects go beyond routine repairs; they’re about Greenville’s long-term sustainability and strength.
Delta culture shines in the “City of Festivals”
Greenville’s heritage is a source of pride, celebrated through an array of festivals that showcase the best of Delta culture. Newly dubbed the “City of Festivals,” Greenville is home to the Delta Hot Tamale Festival, (2024 USA Today No. 1 Specialty Food Festival); the Mississippi Delta Blues & Heritage Festival (world’s longest running blues festival), and a host of newer festivals and events. These gatherings draw thousands of national and international visitors and embody the unique community spirit that makes Greenville special. Our partnership with Viking River Cruises is another significant achievement, bringing tourists annually to experience our history, music and culinary traditions.
Business boom and community recognition
Our city’s economic resurgence extends to our business community. Greenville has seen record-breaking business openings, including national brands like NuFarm, Hobby Lobby, Chick-fil-A and Tru by Hilton, along with a boom in small, women-owned and minority-owned businesses. This growth reflects Greenville’s welcoming climate for entrepreneurs and business leaders who are breathing new life into our local economy.
Greenville’s commitment to creating a livable, family-friendly city has gained national recognition. We were honored with the City Livability Achievement Award from the U.S. Conference of Mayors for our “Worship on the Water” initiative, which fosters community connections, and the National Child Well-Being Champion Award from FoodCorps, highlighting our commitment to food education in schools. As chair of the Southern Municipal Conference, I am privileged to help lead conversations around solutions to shared challenges across Southern cities, driving positive change for the Delta and beyond.
Greenville’s global advocacy for the Mississippi River
As mayor of Greenville, I have the privilege of placing our city on the global stage, advocating for the Mississippi River’s significance to global food security, trade and climate resilience. Recently, I delivered a “TED Talk” style presentation at the U.S. Chamber of Commerce during the Building Resilience Conference in Washington, D.C. I addressed executives from Fortune 500 companies and federal agency representatives about the resilience-at-scale work cities are undertaking along the Mississippi River.
Together with 104 bipartisan mayors, we are collaborating with Ducks Unlimited to deploy 100,000 acres of nature-based infrastructure. This advocacy continues at international forums, such as COP26 in Glasgow, COP27 in Egypt and COP28 in Dubai, where I represented Greenville alongside mayors from around the globe, urging global investment in the Mississippi River Basin, which spans 10 states.
This collaborative work with local and international partners is essential for both food security and water quality. By highlighting the importance of the Mississippi River, we are not only advocating for our community but also positioning Greenville as a key player in the global conversation around sustainable development and climate resilience.
Greenville: A community that moves forward together
I invite you to see the progress happening in Greenville — a city bridging its rich past with a promising future. From our investments in cleaner energy and resilient infrastructure to the growth of new businesses and cultural festivals, Greenville embodies the spirit that is our Delta heritage. This is a community where opportunity meets ambition, and where every project, partnership and celebration is part of a larger story — a story of a Delta city with a legacy as rich as its future is bright.
Our journey is ongoing, but every day, I see Greenville becoming a place of hope and opportunity. We’re not just building for today; we’re building for generations to come, with Greenville as a model of what a city can achieve with vision, determination and the strength of its people.
A baby cried as Gwendolyn Chapman wrote down a question in precise pencil script.
A former mayoral hopeful, Chapman was just another voter Monday night. She’d gone to the candidate forum at the Afrikan Art Gallery, a space for Jackson’s activist community and one of the few surviving businesses on historic Farish Street, historically the center of Black business in the city.
Chapman, 70, wanted to know how the nine candidates who’d shown up would work together after the election to better the city she’s called home for most of her life, even if they didn’t win, she told Mississippi Today. The primary — a faceoff between 12 democratic candidates — will be on April 1.
But nearly two hours in, Chapman hadn’t gotten much of an answer. Some candidates sounded more invested in the loss of one of their opponents than in their own victory. Even though one of the forum’s organizers, Asinia Lukata Chikuyu, said he’d tried to get the candidates to focus on policies, some kept lobbing insinuations and outright attacks at the others in front of the 50 or so attendees.
Chapman hoped to help bring some clarity. But she couldn’t get the moderator’s attention. Every time she stood up, Eldridge Henderson, a local radio host, would call on someone else. A pole in front of Chapman’s chair blocked her from view.
Finally, she spoke up — loudly. “I have a question,” she announced.
Henderson pointed at a woman to his left. “She’s next and then you,” he said.
The woman mainly directed her question to Chokwe Antar Lumumba, the current mayor whose federal indictment for bribery has left many Jacksonians wondering if he will be able to win a third term. She asked if Lumumba could speak to the city’s broken relationship with the state, which she said has “closed its pockets.”
“Absolutely,” he began. “First of all, if you think that the issue with the state of Mississippi has anything to do with the mayor, not only have you not been following history, you’re falling right into the trap, right?”
No one in the state had an issue with him, Lumumba continued, until he refused to give up the airport and until the city’s gun violence increased, something he said he predicted would happen after the pandemic, which is why he tried to ban open carry via executive order.
“You have to understand there’s a difference between being friendly and being a friend,” he added. “A friend funds things not in campaign season, but for 30 years. Friends support you in that way, right? So that’s a misnomer. And we have to understand that there’s a difference between being a diplomat and a doorman.”
Next to respond was state Sen. John Horhn, a four-time candidate for mayor who some view as Lumumba’s most formidable challenger.
“Our city is broken,” Horhn began. “Just about every department doesn’t function. The police? Maybe. The fire department? Maybe. I don’t like how they did the contract, but the garbage is being picked up. Everything else is dysfunctional. We don’t even have a bond rating, right, because audits haven’t been submitted the way they’re supposed to be submitted—”
Lumumba muttered something about “the council.”
“Can I get 5 seconds back from that interruption?” Horhn asked. He went on to say that he believes that no one trusts the city — not the residents, the county, the state or the federal government, which he claimed took $800 million in funds from the city and gave it to JXN Water, the third-party administrator overseeing the city’s water system, precisely due to a lack of trust.
“That, that’s something I have to directly respond to,” Lumumba said, rising from his chair. “Because that’s not true.”
Henderson and Lukata rushed toward the moderator’s podium, their hands outstretched. “Not right now,” Lukata said. Lumumba sat back down.
It seemed like Chapman’s time. But more candidates kept standing up to answer. The baby babbled.
Socrates Garrett, a local businessman and city contractor,called on divided Jacksonians to come together and march on the state Capitol to expose the state government’s racism. In a response to Horhn, James Hopkins, a community activist who works in retail management, said the city’s current administration is not the reason that Jackson can’t get the state and federal funds it needs.
“When Jackson went Black, the state held back,” Hopkins said. “That’s what we’re dealing with. It has nothing to do with this administration, absolutely nothing.”
Then candidate David Archie, a former Hinds County supervisor, stood up.
“I have to answer this,” he said.
“No, no, gentleman, no,” Henderson pleaded. He pointed at Chapman. It was finally her turn. She stood.
Mayoral candidates listen during a political forum at the Afrikan Art Gallery in Jackson, Miss., on Monday, March 17, 2025. Credit: Eric Shelton/Mississippi Today
“I’ve really enjoyed this forum,” Chapman said. “This is what I would like to know: The person who do become mayor, of all the candidates that’s sitting there, about how many percent would come together to express their ideas, express their problems, express what’s going on, to support the mayor?
“We need some unity in this community, especially among our nation of people,” she added.
The first to answer, Lumumba rephrased her question.
“The question — hopefully this doesn’t count against my time — the question is, would you be willing to work with everyone else, essentially, right, if you are elected mayor or if you are not elected mayor,” he said.
He went on to name former Jackson Mayor Tony Yarber, who defeated Lumumba in the 2014 special election held to replace Lumumba’s father after he died eight months into his first term. When he lost, Lumumba said he didn’t sulk, instead he stood with Yarber to defend the city’s ownership of the airport. But when Lumumba finally won election in 2017, beating Horhn, Lumumba saidthe state senator called Jackson voters “fickle” and “uneducated.”
“Clarion Ledger, May 3, 2017,” Lumumba said, urging voters to look up the article that contained those quotes from Horhn.
“Hmm, okay,” Chapman said. “May 3. Alright, May 3.”
Next, candidate and local personal injury attorney Delano Funches said that if he didn’t win, he would continue doing what he’s been doing for the last 10 years — working with Jackson’s youth and trying to reduce crime.
This answer did not satisfy Chapman.
“That wasn’t my question but go ahead,” she said.
Archie said he got his start as a community activist.
“That didn’t answer my question either,” Chapman said. “Just one person answered so far.”
A woman in a floral dress leaned over her chair and whispered to Chapman, “you ain’t gonna get no answer.”
Candidate Albert Wilson, a nonprofit founder and former geometry teacher, went next. In a seeming answer to the question before Chapman’s, he said Thalia Mara Hall wouldn’t be closed for as long as it has been if Jackson were able to adequately maintain its facilities.
“Well, just one person answered my question,” Chapman stated, seeming to no longer care to listen to Wilson, who was still talking. “Nobody answered it yet but one person. So it isegotistical narcissism. No unity in the community. This is a grand example.”
The baby started crying again. More candidates got up.
Garrett said he would be willing to work with everybody, win, lose or draw, because he was an elder with gray hair who could help guide young leaders. Horhn said that over the past 32 years, he has delivered construction projects for every administration, from the Civil Rights Museum to the convention center and the parkway by Jackson State University, but that some of the other candidates have not been as proactive.
“These folks have left the nose of the camel under the tent and now the whole body of the camel is under the tent,” Horhn said.
In response to Lumumba’s shot at him, Horhn said that Jackson voters are “sweet and innocent” but “fickle sometimes in terms of how we pick our folks. And when we hear somebody say ‘free the land, power to the people. When I’m the mayor, you’re the mayor’” — Horhn said, repeating common Lumumba phrases — “do you feel like you’re the mayor? After eight years, is life better for you in Jackson?”
Candidate and construction company owner Marcus Wallace said he thought Chapman’s question was a good one, but he did not directly answer it, instead speaking about times he had worked with past administrations.
The baby wailed even louder. Lumumba and Archie looked at their phones.
Then candidate and retired Air Force Lieutenant Colonel Tim Henderson, who had introduced himself as “Tim Henderson, the military guy,” stood up.
He spoke somewhat quietly. The easy answer, he said, was yes, but he had learned a lot since announcing his candidacy.
“The elephant in the room on that question is there are cliques in the city,” he said. “There are groups of people in different parts of this city that are making decisions for everybody else in the city and don’t even consult the folks that it affects the most.”
“True,” Wallace said.
“You’ve got to have a leader that recognizes this is the challenge,” Henderson continued. “It’s not going to be easy because there are folks that are dug in in this city.”
That was it. As another voter asked a question, Chapman and her cousin who she’d attended the forum with got up and left.
Outside in the parking lot, Chapman said she thought Lumumba was the only candidate who answered her question. The only reason any of the others were on topic, she said, was because they saw she was applauding Lumumba’s answer.
But the city’s future is more important than any one person, she said.
“They have to see that if the winner, which is the mayor, wins, and the other candidates come together in terms of support, that would bring a lot together,” she said. “It really will.”
A Mississippi State University staff physician who had an inappropriate relationship with a graduate student who was also his patient remained employed at the student health center for a year after a nurse reported concerns to the Title IX office.
That physician, Cliff Story, had served as executive director of university health services since 2013. Story would go on to have his medical license suspended last year for his sexual misconduct toward the graduate student.
In January 2021, the student was contacted by the Title IX office about an anonymous report regarding her relationship with Story, according to public records obtained by Mississippi Today and reported here for the first time.
But after the student said Story instructed her to keep their relationship a secret, she did not tell the Title IX office about his treatment of her.
“He told me not to discuss anything that could indicate he engaged in sexual misconduct, or I was ‘special’ to him because he would lose his job and financial support for his [redacted],” the victim told the Mississippi State Board of Medical Licensure.
Story remained at the university’s Longest Student Health Center as a staff physician for another year and continued to initiate sex with the student, public records show. He left in January 2022 of his own volition and joined North Mississippi Health Services.
In a statement, the university’s spokesperson, Sid Salter, wrote that while “the university does not discuss the contents of sexual misconduct investigations,” no Title IX complaint or criminal charge was filed against Story during his employment at Mississippi State.
Story continued to treat patients at the student health center.
“But MSU Title IX officials did interview the woman and Dr. Story after hearing rumors and having a Health Center colleague nurse report concerns to the Title IX office,” Salter wrote. “Both individuals denied that any improper relationship had occurred or was ongoing. Without a Title IX complaint or criminal charges, such allegations are very difficult to substantiate.”
In 2021, the Title IX office received 21 complaints that were usually resolved within 60 days, Salter wrote.
At a hearing before the medical board in November, Story said that he had never taken a break or been suspended from the practice of medicine during his relationship with the victim, which began in mid-2020 and ended in 2023.He also denied that he instructed the victim to lie or conceal their relationship.
Story’s victim filed a complaint in March 2024 with the State Board of Medical Licensure, which opened an investigation and ultimately found Story guilty of unprofessional conduct, including sexual misconduct, after that November hearing. His license was suspended for a year.
Despite multiple attempts, neither Story nor his attorney, Matthew Thompson, could be reached before press time.
During the board hearing, Thompson argued that his client was aware he had committed an ethical violation but thought he had a “mutual” relationship with the victim, to whom he also believed he provided adequate care.
Thompson further noted a professional acumen test found that Story’s conduct could be improved through an intensive treatment program focused onmedical ethics. The test also concluded that Story did groom the victim, whom he first met when she was a freshman in 2013, but that it was likely he had not had sexual contact with any other current or former patients.
“Dr. Story is a good doctor,” Thompson told the medical board.
But some of Story’s testimony raised more questions than answers about evidence the board obtained in its investigation.
The victim testified to the board’s investigator that Story had told her in January 2021 he was involved with human resources and someone from Title IX might contact her. Her therapist submitted a timeline to the board that stated Story was contacted by the Title IX office in December 2020. Salter also said Title IX contacted Story.
When the board’s attorney, Paul Barnes, asked Story if anyone from MSU had asked him about his relationship with the victim, Story responded “yes” before Thompson objected, forcing Barnes to change tack.
Barnes then asked if Story knew of any complaints that were made to MSU about him and his relationship to the victim, in an apparent attempt to put more information about Title IX onto the record.
Story responded with confusion.
“I don’t know of anybody complaining to me, to them,” Story said. “I don’t know what anybody — nobody tells me that ‘John’ has complained about this. I don’t know what people have complained about.”
“So, no one ever contacted you and said ‘there’s been a complaint about you’?” Barnes asked.
“Well, again, not about any complaint,” Story said. “People might say something about rumors, but, I mean.” He trailed off.
Barnes was not permitted to ask Story what he meant by “rumors” after the board sustained another objection from Thompson.
In another instance, a board member asked Story about a screenshot the victim saved of a text on Signal, a messaging app that allows users to automatically delete messages. This was important because the victim told the board that Story used the app to communicate with her “very secretly.”
The screenshot shows that “Doc MSU set disappearing message time to 1 day.”
“Do you remember when that might’ve been?” the board member asked. The screenshot is undated but appears, based on the phrasing of Story’s text to the victim, to be from near the end of their relationship.
Story seemed to respond with more confusion.
“I would think she put that, I don’t know, because even now I don’t have disappearing texts, and I don’t know how to do it on my phone, so if that was done,” Story said before pausing. “First, I don’t recall it. Second, I don’t even do it now, and I don’t know that I could fumble through it and guess — I don’t know why that was done. That’s not something even I would do.”
There were more reasons the victim thought Story was working to keep their relationship under wraps, according to evidence submitted to the medical board.
Story had worked as a physician at MSU since 2008, and the student first met him in 2013, the same year he was promoted to executive director. Through medical records, the board determined that Story treated the student until January 2021.
In late 2019 or early 2020, Story began frequently texting the victim, according to a timeline the victim’s therapist constructed. During office visits, Story would compliment and hug her. Then in the summer of 2020, “the first sexual abuse incident” occurred at the student health center, according to the therapist.
In one text message, the date of which is unclear, the victim wondered if people would think her presence at the health center was “weird,” so Story offered to meet her in the stairwell or talk by the cars.
In September 2020, the victim had a medical incident that resulted in Story giving her a ride from the health center, bringing her medication and having sex with her in her home over the course of multiple visits, according to the therapist’s timeline.
“He later told her she couldn’t come to the clinic any longer because people didn’t understand their connection and made her feel like he was the only person she could trust to help her,” the therapist wrote. “He frequently talked to her about their ‘special connection’ because of how long he’s helped her, all they have been through, and that no one else but himself had witnessed all she had been through.”
By early 2021, the university’s Title IX office started asking questions. The victim said Story told her “to keep everything they had been through a secret because he believed others were out to get him,” the therapist wrote.
On Jan. 19, the victim said she was approached by a Title IX coordinator, who requested to meet with her virtually.
“At the time, she was afraid and said, ‘No,’” when the coordinator asked if Story had mistreated her, the victim’s therapist wrote. “They continued talking and sexual assault continued to occur.”
This story has been updated since publishing with numbers the Mississippi Emergency Management Agency released Tuesday morning.
County officials are continuing to tally damages throughout Mississippi, hopeful that the aftermath will qualify the areas for federal disaster assistance.
Gov. Tate Reeves said during a press conference Monday afternoon that the state will apply for aid through the Federal Emergency Management Agency, but that more assessments are needed first.
The governor added that, based on previous experiences, there is a “high likelihood” the state will qualify for FEMA’s Individual Assistance, which provides resources directly to disaster victims. Reeves said he’s “hopeful” the state will also receive Public Assistance, which funds recovery for public buildings and infrastructure.
Seventeen tornadoes landed in the state between Friday and Saturday, according to the Mississippi Emergency Management Agency. In total, 23 counties took damage, Reeves said during a press conference at the Tylertown Baptist Church in Walthall County. Seven people died in Walthall, Covington and Jefferson Davis counties, and 29 were injured in those places as well as Pike County. Reeves said on Sunday that 217 people were displaced from their homes. The governor also confirmed that three people who were initially missing have been found alive.
On Tuesday, MEMA said it was aware of damages to 715 homes, 29 businesses, and 16 farms around Mississippi. Of those homes, 230 were in Leflore County, 182 in Walthall County, and 74 in Smith County.
One of the two tornadoes that hit Walthall County traveled across the Louisiana state line, Reeves said, staying on the ground for over 70 miles.
“That is not usual,” said the governor, who signed a State of Emergency declaration on Saturday.
Home destroyed by tornado damage on Hwy 48 north of downtown Tylertown, Monday, March 17, 2025. Credit: Vickie D. King/Mississippi Today
Walthall County Board President Doug Popwell said that while the county’s assessment on Monday morning estimated 35 to 40 homes damaged, the total will likely reach over 100. Popwell added that “a lot of” chicken farms were hit as well. He said the Salem Attendance Center, a K through 12 public school in Tylertown, and some churches were also damaged.
“It’ll make you sick to your stomach when you go around and see people you know without homes,” he said. “It’s by far the worst thing I’ve ever seen.”
Popwell said this was as bad of a storm as he could remember in the county.
“We took a hard hit from (Hurricane) Katrina, and then in 2020 we had several bad tornadoes, but this is probably worse than either as far as the amount of lost homes,” he said.
Tornado destroyed home in Tylertown, Monday, March 17, 2025. Credit: Vickie D. King/Mississippi Today
He said Walthall County doesn’t have a long-term recovery committee, which the state recommends to help counties expedite the rebuilding process after a disaster. Popwell said they’ve received an “overwhelming” amount of food and water.
“More than anything, what we need right now is this (federal disaster) declaration from FEMA,” he said.
In Jefferson Davis County, emergency director Jocelyn Ragsdale emphasized that assessments were ongoing, so her estimates could change, but said as of now: 6o to 70 homes received damage, about 30 of which were destroyed; some chicken farms were total losses, and some county buildings also received damage.
Ragsdale said her area received similar damage from the Easter tornadoes of 2020.
“Total devastation,” she described. “We need as much help as we can get.”
President Trump has threatened to scrap FEMA altogether, something that would require congressional action. Last month, he approved making federal funds available to Kentucky and West Virginia, while threatening to attach strings to any money to help California recover from the deadly wildfires there. FEMA is also demanding the names of immigrants served by El Paso charities and local governments before reimbursing them for expenses.
When asked about potential changes to FEMA on Monday, Reeves said he wasn’t worried, emphasizing that disaster recoveries, as designed by the 1988 Stafford Act, are “state managed, locally executed, and federally supported.”
Tornado damage to property along New River Road in Tylertown, Monday, March 17, 2025. An EF4 Credit: Vickie D. King/Mississippi Today
Both Popwell and Ragsdale said their respective counties did not have public safe rooms for residents to take shelter in prior to storms. Ragsdale said Jefferson Davis County is looking for funding to build a safe room.
In addition to the tornadoes, MEMA said that north Mississippi — in Prentiss and Tishomingo counties — received some flooding over the weekend (Tishomingo County emergency director Peyton Berklite said Monday no homes were damaged or trapped, though), and that there was a 3.0-magnitude earthquake in Magee on Saturday that hasn’t had any reported impacts. Reeves said on Sunday that power outages dropped from a high of 36,000 to below 8,000, with many of those being in Grenada and Walthall counties.
A cat cries out while sitting before a destroyed cabin from a tornado at Paradise Ranch RV Resort in Tylertown, Miss., Sunday, March 16, 2025. (AP Photo/Rogelio V. Solis)
So far in 2025, Mississippi has already seen 57 tornadoes, according to preliminary data from the National Weather Service, by far the most of any state this year. Last week’s tornadoes came about a week and a half before the two-year anniversary of the 2023 tornado storm that devastated Rolling Fork, Amory and other parts of the state.
MEMA shared this link for information on where to find shelters as well as to make a donation. The agency advised anyone looking to help not to self-deploy to impacted areas, but instead to connect with volunteer groups.
Updated 3/18/24: This story has been updated with new numbers of deaths and damage.
Below are more images of the damages caused by the March 14 and 15 storms:
The view looking south of miles of pine forests destroyed by Saturday’s tornado in Tylertown, Monday, March 17, 2025. Credit: Vickie D. King/Mississippi Today
Entergy crews work to restore power along Hwy. 48 in Tylertown, Monday, March 17, 2025. Credit: Vickie D. King/Mississippi Today
Tornado damage to property in Tylertown, Monday, March 17, 2025. Credit: Vickie D. King/Mississippi Today
Tornado damage to property along New River Road in Tylertown, Monday, March 17, 2025. Credit: Vickie D. King/Mississippi Today
The remnants of a home wrapped around a tree by Saturday’s tornado that devastated areas of Tylertown. Credit: Vickie D. King/Mississippi Today
Home destroyed by tornado damage on Hwy 48 in Tylertown, Monday, March 17, 2025. Credit: Vickie D. King/Mississippi Today
Tylertown tornado damage, Monday, March 17, 2025. Credit: Vickie D. King/Mississippi Today
Tylertown tornado damage, New River Road area, Monday, March 17, 2025. Credit: Vickie D. King/Mississippi Today
Tylertown tornado damage, New River Road area, Monday, March 17, 2025. Credit: Vickie D. King/Mississippi Today
Tornado destroyed home on Hwy 98 north of downtown Tylertown, Monday, March 17, 2025. Credit: Vickie D. King/Mississippi Today
Debris along with trees twisted and broken by Saturday’s tornado that hit Tylertown. Credit: Vickie D. King/Mississippi Today
Household items, trees twisted and broken, and other debris as a result of Saturday’s tornado that hit Tylertown. Credit: Vickie D. King/Mississippi Today
Structures destroyed, but the mailbox is still standing at a property along Hwy 98 north of downtown Tylertown, Monday, March 17, 2025. Credit: Vickie D. King/Mississippi Today
Home on Hwy 48 damaged by Saturday’s tornado that hit Tylertown. Credit: Vickie D. King/Mississippi Today
Tornado destroyed property in Tylertown, Monday, March 17, 2025. Credit: Vickie D. King/Mississippi Today
Tylertown tornado damage at Paradise Ranch RV Resort, New River Road area, Monday, March 17, 2025. Credit: Vickie D. King/Mississippi Today
House and Senate leaders on Monday evening unveiled new plans to eliminate the state income tax and raise gasoline taxes — charting a path to more negotiations over the most notable legislative debate of the 2025 session.
Monday marks the first time the Senate leadership has proposed a plan to eliminate the income tax, a significant move from its previous position wanting only to cut the tax that accounts for nearly one-third of the state budget.
Republican House Ways and Means Chairman Trey Lamar said the move could bring the chambers closer to reaching a final agreement.
“I can’t underestimate the importance of the Senate placing into written form and out in the open public that they are agreeing to eliminate the income tax,” Lamar said. “We’re willing to work with them. We are not willing to compromise on total elimination of the income tax and taking care of some the infrastructure needs we have.”
The House also changed its position Monday on a few key provisions. It agreed to increase the state’s net sales tax from 7% to 8%, down from the eventual 8.5% target the chamber had originally proposed. The revenue from this tax increase would provide $48 million annually to pay for infrastructure improvements via the State Aid Road Fund. The remaining funds would go into the state’s general fund.
It also changed what had been a new 5% sales tax on gasoline to a 15-cents-a-gallon excise tax increase, phased in at 5 cents a year over a three-year period. That would bring in approximately $23 million a year once fully phased in, Lamar said. This would be added to the current 18.4-cents-a-gallong excise Mississippi motorists currently pay.
The House plan would also cut the sales tax on groceries from 7% to 5%.
The new House plan would also create a new fund that gives those over the age of 65 property tax credits of $200 a year. This provision is designed to allay the concerns of senior citizens, who stood to benefit little from income tax elimination because Mississippi exempts retirement and Social Security income from state income taxes.
However, the most surprising development was in the GOP-majority Senate, which finally answered calls from House leadership and Republican Gov. Tate Reeves to propose a plan that eliminates the income tax.
Senators proposed phasing out the tax over an undefined period, but it would most likely take longer than the House has proposed. The House held to its position that the income tax must be eliminated by 2037.
Republican Lt. Gov. Delbert Hosemann called the Senate plan fiscally responsible, while House leaders said a quicker timeline is needed for abolishing the tax to ensure that economic growth for the state.
Mississippi state senators review a bill during a Senate Finance Committee meeting at the Mississippi Capitol in Jackson, Miss., on Monday, March 17, 2025. Lawmakers are debating a proposal to eliminate the state income tax, a key issue in the legislative session. Credit: Eric Shelton/Mississippi Today
The Senate plan would decrease the 4% income tax rate — already among the lowest in the nation — by .25% each year from 2027 to 2030 and leave it at 3% in 2030. Afterward, the income tax would be reduced with “growth triggers” or at a proportional rate depending on the difference between the state’s revenue and spending plans that year.
“We’re going to basically let our economy dictate the rate and how progressive we are in reducing the income tax on citizens in our state while protecting the core functions of government that we’re supposed to provide,” Senate Finance Chairman Josh Harkins said.
Lamar said the Senate’s language on triggers, which he had not seen as of Monday afternoon, would be crucial to reaching a final agreement.
“The last thing we want to do is mislead the Mississippi citizens to have them believe they’re going to get their income tax eliminated and not (have it) actually work,” Lamar said. “So that trigger language will be key.”
The Senate plan also immediately reduces the sales tax on groceries from 7% to 5%, increases the gasoline tax by 9 cents over three years to fund infrastructure projects and overhauls the state public employee retirement system.
Many Democrats are expected to oppose either plan. Democratic Sen. Hob Bryan of Amory said the new Senate plan marks a “sad day” in the state’s history because it forsakes the government’s responsibility to provide key services in one of the poorest states in the nation.
Bryan and others have warned that cutting revenue and upending the state’s tax structure in uncertain economic times — with potential massive cuts in federal money Mississippi relies on — is foolhardy.
“I know the snake oil salesman who showed up in Mississippi selling this bill of goods must be happy,” Bryan said.
Despite the new offers from each side, the two chambers are still far apart in their negotiations and the Republican leadership of each has continued criticizing the other as the 2025 legislative session is scheduled to end in roughly two weeks.
Sen. Hob Bryan discusses House Bill No. 1 during the Senate Finance Committee meeting at the Mississippi Capitol in Jackson, Miss., on Monday, March 17, 2025. The committee is debating the proposed legislation, which aims to eliminate the state income tax. Credit: Eric Shelton/Mississippi Today
Lawmakers will likely conduct negotiations on a final tax cut proposal in a conference committee. The deadline for them to reach a final agreement is March 29. If they don’t meet that deadline, they could try to suspend their rules.
If the two chambers can’t reach an agreement, the governor could call them into a special session and try to pressure the two chambers to find a way to abolish what he and others call the “tax on work.”