Some educators say that having the Praxis exam as the main path to a licence fails both would-be teachers and students.
After serving in the military and graduating from Delta State University, Rolander Harbin, 46, has been teaching health and physical education for more than two decades in Mississippi Delta schools. While teaching, Harbin lacked proper certification. He spent over 10 years taking and retaking sections of the Praxis licensure exams, easily missing the mark by two to three points on a given area, he said.
“It never made me happy when I knew I had to take the test.” Harbin said. “I can teach. I can do lesson plans. I can do everything that’s required of me to do, but I wasn’t able to pass the test.”
Frustrated and overworked as a long-term substitute, he lost his job last year to a certified teacher, he said. He’s currently working in the aviation department at Delta State, hoping to get back into K-12 schools.
Harbin’s story isn’t uncommon. Other teachers across the state struggle to pass Praxis exams to become certified in Mississippi classrooms, especially in the Delta, where in some districts as much as a third of the teachers are not certified.
Eric J. Shelton, Mississippi Today/Reporter for America
Adrienne Hudson, speaking here to fellow educators during RISE Teacher’s Night Out in Clarksdale Wednesday, December 20, 2018, said suspending the test for licensure is a game changer when it comes to the teacher shortage.
This test, which served as a hurdle for many, will no longer be a barrier for candidates for the foreseeable future due to the coronavirus.
Ahead of Gov. Tate Reeves’ announcement to close school buildings for the remainder of the semester to help slow the spread, the Mississippi Department of Education preemptively took measures to ensure teachers and teacher candidates will be legally able to teach in classrooms next school year. In late March, the Mississippi State Board of Education suspended multiple requirements for teacher candidates surrounding licensure. For the time being, the Praxis is no longer necessary to obtain a license.
“As with any assessment, there are some people who just don’t test well and so I think this will provide an opportunity for some potential teacher candidates who have not been able to obtain a license in the past,” said Kelly Riley, executive director of Mississippi Professional Educators.
To become a certified teacher in Mississippi, one needs to obtain a license from the state Department of Education. Depending on the route, earning a license can require hours of student teaching time and the passage of a series of difficult exams, usually consisting of four to five different tests.
The Praxis Core, created by Educational Testing Services, is a national certification exam used to measure would-be teachers’ content knowledge in subjects like reading, math, and writing. The Praxis Core combined exam costs $150; an individual section, or re-take on one section is $90. Non-core subject area tests average around $120 for a two-hour test. For many teacher candidates, the exam is costly, time consuming, and has been a disproportionate roadblock to licensure for black and Hispanic people, Mississippi Today previously reported.
The state board suspended several policies regarding teacher licensure. Teacher candidates applying to educator prep programs before Dec. 31, 2021, are exempt from the testing requirement, which means they do not have to take the Praxis Core or score a 21 or higher on the ACT to gain entry. They just need a bachelor’s degree in the area they intend to teach and be licensed in, or have a bachelor’s degree in any area with at least 18 hours of coursework in the area they intend to be licensed in.
Those applying for a license are also exempt from testing requirements, as testing centers are closed and test dates have been postponed. Licensed teachers who were set to renew their licenses by June of this year now have a one-year extension because many of the conferences and professional development opportunities for educators to earn the units necessary to renew their licenses have been cancelled.
Additionally, student teachers need to complete 12 weeks of full-day student teaching in order to receive a license. With schools closed for the rest of the semester that is no longer feasible, so the board issued a one year extension and allowed time spent doing virtual learning to count towards those hours.
Before the coronavirus forced the state Legislature to suspend the 2020 session, a bill was making its way through the legislative process that also would have eased the requirements on obtaining a license. Currently, without any waivers a teacher must earn either a 21 or higher on the ACT or a passing score on the Praxis, “and” a minimum 3.0 GPA on coursework before they are admitted to a prep program. The bill would have changed the law’s language to “or,” meaning a candidate could achieve any one of those requirements alone.
The Legislature will have to meet again before the new fiscal year begins in July to set a budget for the state, but some non-fiscal bills that were alive when the session adjourned may not be taken up again, meaning they may have to wait until next year.
“This is probably going to open up some doors for the Mississippi Department of Education, as well as legislators, to start looking at other options for potential educators,” said Erica Jones, president of the Mississippi Association of Educators. “I have always felt that the test alone should not be the sole indicator of whether people are qualified to be in the classroom.”
But some education experts think Mississippi is taking the licensure waivers too far.
Michigan State University
Kate Walsh of the National Council on Teacher Quality said “it is frustrating to see states show not very much regard for their licensing structures.”
“The idea that in the Spring of 2020 tests are unavailable to take and [MDE] therefore exempts teachers from ever having to take them seems to me to be not in the best interest of kids. These are tests that assess whether a teacher can read, write on an eighth grade level and knows the content they’re teaching,” said Kate Walsh, president of the National Council on Teacher Quality.
Walsh said that Mississippi appears to be an outlier in its response to changing licensing requirements in light of the coronavirus. Most states are distributing one-year emergency licenses until testing can resume; this is what Walsh recommends as best practice.
“For years states kind of abused [emergency] licenses to use them to cover a hole or use it for things that wouldn’t be classified as an emergency. Here we are in a legitimate emergency, so use that license for this purpose,” Walsh said. “I can’t understand why Mississippi would simply say, ‘You get five years [to teach].’”
She added that doing away with tests completely suggests that MDE doesn’t see the certification exams as meaningful.
“It is frustrating to see states show not very much regard for their licensing structures,” Walsh said. “If that’s the case, maybe they should be thinking about doing something else. But this doesn’t add up.”
Regardless, the licensing change is helping teachers who would otherwise be considered qualified but can’t pass the Praxis become fully certified.
Larry Stokes’ reign as a seven-year long-term sub in Clarksdale schools came to end in 2017 when he finally became a certified teacher. This was not his dream — he has a bachelor’s degree in health and physical education, and a masters degree in technology in teaching. But the need for math teachers in his district was critical, and he felt he could be more useful in that subject.
Stokes failed the former Praxis Pre-Professional Skills Test (PPST) and Praxis Core over fifteen times until last summer, when he got a three-year special, nonrenewable license to teach math.
“I feel I have no business teaching math although my students show growth and proficiency, yet and still, that is not my field of study. If we were to get the right people who went to college for that area, these students will show more success,” he said.
Though he was happy to hear of the no-testing requirement for prospective educators, he thinks the test should be rid of for good. Stokes said he witnessed excellent teachers quit the profession who became cashiers and restaurant workers. They were discouraged by testing in content areas unfamiliar to their study.
“They got so discouraged to the point they will not try again,” he added. “You’re failing the teacher with your policies and failing the students. We are keeping these great teachers out of the classroom due to a test.”
Suspending the testing requirements will be a “game changer in the world of teacher shortage,” as a way to level the playing field with teacher applicants, said Adrienne Hudson, executive director and founder of RISE.
“The major thing is it offers opportunities for people to show proficiency in knowledge of pedagogy (teaching) and things they need to know versus just content knowledge on the exam,” she said. “When you have opportunities to show proficiency in education in more than one way, you bring equity to the table.”
Hudson said she realizes those who aren’t in favor of this decision don’t understand the landscape of the education issues. For example, less students are showing interest in pursuing education, she added. The most recent Title II data showed about 2,600 students enrolled in Mississippi prep programs. However, in 2009, nearly 4,000 students enrolled.
“At the end of the day, I realize those individuals have never walked in (a) school where 60 percent of the staff were on temporary licenses,” she said. “If they understood, they would have empathy.”
Sen. Cindy Hyde-Smith and Mike Espy support more funding for the Payroll Protection Program.
Both Republican Sen. Cindy Hyde-Smith and Mike Espy, her Democratic opponent in this November’s general election, tout the virtues of the Payroll Protection Program that provides forgivable loans to allow small businesses (less than 500 employees) to meet their payroll during the current economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Both support expanding the program that was originally passed by Congress as part of a larger federal rescue package in late March.
“It is a no-brainer,” said Espy recently of replenishing the program that has run out of money.
Hyde-Smith had touted expanding the program, but has been critical of the congressional Democratic leadership for insisting that other items be included in the legislation.
The $484 billion bill passed Tuesday by the Senate includes an additional $310 billion for the Payroll Protection Program, plus funds for hospitals that have been hit hard in dealing with the pandemic and funds for coronavirus testing. The original small business loan program that ran out of money earlier this month contained $350 billion that was distributed to more than 1.6 million businesses nationwide.
The bill expanding the Payroll Protection Program, expected to pass in House on Thursday, will be the third providing funds to help fight the pandemic and to provide funds to citizens and companies to help alleviate the economic hardship caused by COVID-19. A fourth bill is expected to be taken up. Funds to offset lost revenue on both the state and local levels likely will be part of that package. Democrats tried unsuccessfully to include funds to offset lost state and local revenues in the current bill working its way through Congress.
“Aid for state and local government could be negotiated as part of future legislation,” said Justin Brasell, a spokesperson for Hyde-Smith.
“That will happen,” Espy said of funds to help state and local governments that will be hit by the loss of tax collections because of the economic slowdown.
A study by the Center for Budget and Policy Priorities, said, “Without substantially more aid, states — which are required to balance their budgets every year, even in recessions and depressions — will almost certainly lay off teachers and other workers and cut health care, education, and other key services, making the economic downturn more severe.”
President Trump has indicated via twitter he supports help for state governments in legislation that presumably will be taken up after Congress passes the current legislation.
Officials are hoping the Paycheck Protection Program will help thwart the current economic slowdown.
In Mississippi, during the previous round of funding 20,748 small businesses were awarded $2.48 billion in loans that if used to pay employee payroll for up to eight weeks and for other expenses such as rent, mortgage and utilities, will be forgiven.
In Mississippi, according to Bloomberg, 67 percent of eligible payrolls were funded through the loan program. The study indicated that so-called Red states or Republican states fared better under the program than did so-called Blue or Democratic states. For instance, in Nebraska loans were granted for 81 percent of the eligible payroll compared to 38 percent in California and 40 percent in New York, two solid blue states.
Mississippi ranked 33rd in terms of the cumulative amounts of its loans received and total number of businesses receiving the loans. California and Texas were the top two states in terms of receiving loans and the number of businesses receiving the loans.
While Espy said he supports the Payroll Protection Program, he said he hopes loopholes will be closed in legislation expanding the program so that some big companies, such as large restaurant chains, are not given the loans. He said there are other federal programs to help the larger companies.
While the program generally is popular, there have been complaints that some small businesses, particularly minority-owned or rural companies, are having a more difficult time obtaining the loans. He said that is why it is essential that so-called Community-based Financial Institutions that specialize in helping companies that might struggle to obtain traditional loans be allowed to participate in the program.
Under the program, the small businesses apply to lending institutions for loans. But if the loans are used to continue to pay their employees’ salaries, they are paid back through federal funds.
When will lockdowns end, and what will life be like when they do?
These are the questions on most of our minds today; we’ve accepted that even once restrictions ease, society won’t go back to looking like it did in 2019. Whether that means sitting six feet apart from other diners in restaurants (and said restaurants therefore continuing to hemorrhage money), kids alternating going to school week by week, or having to flash an “immunity passport” to get on a plane—it’s gonna be tough, and we’re going to have no choice but to adapt and make the best of some dire circumstances.
How will we open up the economy and get people back to work while simultaneously preventing new Covid-19 outbreaks? Where will we draw the line between the greater good and personal privacy and freedoms? Innovative companies are working to put together solutions that would walk this line, hopefully without crossing it.
One such company is a Chinese startup called Rokid. Based in Hangzhou with an office in San Francisco, Rokid has been focused on augmented reality glasses since its founding in 2014. But shortly after the novel coronavirus took center stage in China in January, the company started developing thermal imaging glasses, and churned out the new product in less than two months. As reported by TechCrunch, the T1 glasses are already in use in China, and Rokid is now marketing them to businesses, hospitals, and law enforcement agencies in the US.
Equipped with an infrared sensor and a camera, the glasses allow their wearer to “see” peoples’ temperatures from up to almost 10 feet away, and they can take pictures and videos on demand. The current model of T1 glasses can measure temperature for up to 200 people in 2 minutes, and could thus be used effectively even in crowded spaces like malls or train stations.
To privacy-cherishing Westerners (and, in particular, HIPAA-complying Americans), the idea of giving authority figures unfettered access to our health information—even something as rudimentary as our temperatures—may produce a knee-jerk negative reaction, feeling like a portent of greater privacy invasions to come.
But realistically speaking, new technological tools like this could be enormously helpful for keeping people safe once society kicks back into gear.
Here’s an example of what it could look like if US businesses adopt Rokid’s T1 glasses. Let’s say you work in a high-rise office building, and when you go back to work, the receptionist behind the entry desk has been joined by a security guard wearing the glasses. As you rush to make the elevator one morning, the guard stops you, telling you that your temperature is above average and you can’t proceed up to your office; you need to go home immediately and self-quarantine for 14 days, or get tested for the virus and come back with a negative result. Furthermore, there’s now a photo of your face being stored with a copy of the record showing you had a fever, and if you break quarantine, you could be ticketed and fined.
Reimagine this scenario at the entrance to a hospital or restaurant, or before boarding a plane. Then flip it: you’re on that plane, flying for the first time in months, and a little nervous about it. How much safer would you feel knowing that everyone else on board has had their temperature checked and been determined safe to proceed? It would be nice not to panic every time you hear a cough or a sneeze.
Customers who buy the glasses can decide how to use and store the data they gather; Rokid says it will not collect or store information from the glasses in its own databases. But as geopolitical tensions climb, some American organizations may have reservations about taking their word for it.
Use of the glasses could also come with some thorny questions around enforcement; what if someone who’s told not to board a plane tries to get on anyway, or someone told to go home refuses to do so, insisting they’re not sick? How far would the authority of someone wearing infrared glasses extend, and at what point would law enforcement get involved?
It’s also relevant to note that temperature as a sole indicator of Covid-19 infection isn’t reliable. For starters, it’s possible to have a fever and not have Covid-19 at all. Also, as we’ve learned, the virus is insidious in that you can be infected for several days without showing any symptoms; by the time you have a fever you may already have spread the virus without knowing it.
And that possibility brings up a final important point: like contact tracing, tools meant to stem the spread of the virus will be rendered largely useless if we don’t have widely-available diagnostic tests.
This is the tension we’re facing. The economic cost of lockdowns grows every day, and yet the cost of ending those lockdowns without a viable strategy and losing the ground we’ve gained could be even greater. To move back toward a semblance of normalcy, we’ll need tools to track and isolate infections. Technology is offering those tools, but they feed on information; the price, then, is our privacy.
We need to weigh the risks and benefits and ensure that the use of technology like Rokid’s glasses accomplishes near-term goals without sliding down a slippery ethical slope long-term.
A lot of details about the near future are up in the air right now. What’s certain is that our reality post-coronavirus will look very different than before—whether you’re seeing it through thermal glasses or not.
Good Wednesday evening everyone! It is mild out there with temperatures in the low to mid 60s this evening. Showers and thunderstorms will increase tonight through overnight in North Mississippi. Some of these storms may be strong to severe with heavy rainfall. A Flash Flood Watch is in effect for parts of the area through Thursday evening. Tupelo and northeast Mississippi is in a Level 1 Risk with areas to the south and west in a Level 2 risk for severe thunderstorm. This will be an overnight event so make sure you have multiple ways of receiving Alerts as you sleep.
*Locally Heavy Rainfall Is Possible Across Parts Of Northern Mississippi This Evening Through Tomorrow Morning. Rainfall Rates In Excess Of 2 Inches Per Hour May Result In Flash Flooding. Additional Rainfall Totals In Excess Of 2 Inches Are Possible By Early Tomorrow Morning.
From 7 PM CDT This Evening Through Thursday Afternoon.
*A Flash Flood Watch Means That Conditions May Develop That Lead To Flash Flooding. Flash Flooding Is A Very Dangerous Situation. You Should Monitor Later Forecasts And Be Prepared To Take Action Should Flash Flood Warnings Be Issued.
WEDNESDAY: Good morning everyone! It is another mild start with temperatures in the low 50s. We will see a mix of sun and clouds with increasing clouds through the day and an afternoon high near 73. There will be a 20% chance of showers in the forecast, mainly after 4 pm.
⛈STORMS TONIGHT: It still looks like a line of strong to severe storms will move across North Mississippi from west to east tonight through Thursday morning. Heavy rain, large hail, damaging wind gusts and isolated tornadoes will be possible.
We want you to keep up with the latest forecasts through the National Weather Service, local meteorologists and have multiple ways of receiving alerts with this overnight event. Stay weather vigilant, friends!