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Entergy Mississippi announced plans Wednesday afternoon to invest $300 million into upgrading its power grid over the next five years.

Speaking on a stage outside the company’s facility near Lake Hico in Jackson, Entergy President and CEO Haley Fisackerly explained that the investment, dubbed Superpower Mississippi, would mark a 50% increase in its usual power grid spending. The goal, he said, is to reduce outages by half over the next five years by installing stronger poles, increasing maintenance of rights-of-way, as well as installing smart devices and real-time monitoring systems.

The spending still needs Mississippi Public Service Commission approval, but two of the three PSC commissioners were on site for the announcement. Fisackerly, though, said the investment would have no impact on customers’ bills because of revenue increases coming new business from Amazon and other industries.

The CEO echoed past statements that new industries, including energy-intensive data centers, would not lead to rate increases for residential customers. Earlier this month, Fisackerly told Mississippi Today that two new data centers coming into its service area — one in Madison County owned by Amazon and another in Rankin County owned by AVAIO — would provide enough revenue to the utility that rates would actually go up less than they would have otherwise.

Fisackerly declined to say how much Entergy’s revenue had increased from its new industrial customers.

“The fact that we can pay for an additional $300 million effort without increasing rates gives you an idea about the magnitude of that,” he said. “Think of it this way: We have a cost of business, and when you bring a larger user of electricity, we can spread that cost over a greater base. So they help reduce the cost to the other customers.”

De’Keither Stamps and Wayne Carr — the Central and Southern District PSC commissioners, respectively, — spoke at Wednesday’s announcement in support of the project.

“It’s a step forward in getting to where we want to go,” Stamps said, emphasizing the importance of keeping rates affordable in areas with high poverty.

Entergy is the state’s largest utility company, serving about 459,000 customers in 45 counties.

At the PSC’s September docket meeting, Stamps called for an investigation into the company after hearing complaints from Entergy customers over power outages.

“We’re not going to stop anything until the reality of the citizens changes,” Stamps said. “They must not have to live in fear when the rain picks up, and they shouldn’t have to live in fear that their water’s going to go out because the water in rural Hinds County (comes from) ground pumps.”

Fisackerly said the company continues to hold town halls to hear customers’ complaints.

According to an Entergy press release, the number of outages caused by fallen trees has spiked in 2025 because of dead vegetation after the 2023 drought, as well as recent storms and tornados. The release clarified that many of those trees are outside the areas the company can trim.

Councilman Kenneth Stokes says he doesn’t want youth crime – which he describes as rampant in his central Jackson ward – to “spread to all over the city.” 

This concern prompted the longtime Ward 3 councilmember to reintroduce a youth curfew to tamp down on “nocturnal mischief.” The ordinance, passed Tuesday, bars those under the age of 18 from tarrying on streets or highways, in a park, vacant lots or at establishments after 10 p.m. on weeknights and midnight on weekends or during school hours. It contains a few exceptions, such as running an errand for a parent or being en route to or from academic, volunteer or religious activities.

“If we don’t save them, you might be the next victim,” Stokes said. 

The council unanimously passed the ordinance with little discussion on Tuesday night. But it remains to be seen if Jackson can enforce it as the city currently lacks a place for the Jackson Police Department to take children who violate the curfew, according to Pieter Teeuwiseen, the city’s chief administrative officer. 

Stokes suggested JPD take the children to the Henley-Young-Patton Juvenile Justice Center. 

“We got a whole youth detention center right down the street in front of the post office,” he said. “Let’s utilize it. We had the lieutenant governor trying to give us the county jail. What we can’t do is make excuses.” 

But a federal juvenile justice law prohibits locking up youth who commit what’s called a “status offense” — a non-criminal act such as violating a curfew that is illegal solely because of the offender’s age — in a secure detention facility. 

The city could hold a child who violates the curfew in a community room at Henley-Young, but the child must be free to leave, according to Melissa Milchman, executive director of the Coalition for Juvenile Justice, a Washington-base nonprofit that assists states in complying with the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act. 

“This gets very tricky,” Milchman said. “If they are going onto the secure side of the facility, that’s a violation. If they are hanging out in the community room where staff hang out and they are free to leave, it’s not a violation.” 

Youth Court Judge Carlyn Hicks said state law further complicates the matter. Status offenders cannot be held in detention without a valid judge’s order, per state statute.

“I plan to follow the letter of the law,” she said. 

Hicks told the council last year that she considered the ordinance “unenforceable,” so JPD did not enforce it last year.

Before passing the ordinance, Ward 5 Councilman Vernon Hartley asked if “everything (is) legally sufficient here” and City Attorney Drew Martin indicated it was. 

In general, research has shown that youth curfews do not affect crime rates. 

“It’s putting resources toward the lowest level of offense, not even a misdemeanor,” Milchman said. “It’s taking away the most critical resource a city has to commit to violence and victimization and distracting them on things that are not crime.” 

Jackson has historically struggled to enforce a youth curfew, according to archival newspaper reporting. In 2003, the Northside Sun reported that youth court officials found it difficult to know if a teenager was “in the wrong” for being out at night or if they simply were coming home from work. 

In 2011, the city tried to find a place for the children that was not Henley-Young. As part of the federal government’s longrunning consent decree against the facility, the detention center had been cited for putting youth who had violated the curfew in the same building as criminal offenders.

Teeuwissen raised the issue of where to take the children during a work session earlier this week. On Monday, he told the council that the city would have to find a “non-detention facility” to put the children. 

“This is probably a foolish question, but is it possible to just bring them home?” Ward 7 Councilman Kevin Parkinson asked. 

Interim JPD Chief and Hinds County Sheriff Tyree Jones said he “wouldn’t recommend that.” 

“It goes into technically, ‘Are they in custody?’ And once they are in our custody, we assume responsibilities and liabilities involved,” he said. 

This exchange led Teeuwissen to suggest the council involve Hicks in the discussion, but as of Tuesday night, the council had not asked Hicks about reinstituting the ordinance.

Our resident golf expert Randy Watkins breaks down the Ryder Cup. Our discussion also includes LSU-Ole Miss, Mississippi State-Tennessee and a whole lot more.

Stream all episodes here.

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FLOWOOD – Questions of profound transformation during early motherhood – including changes in mind, body and sense of self – were the subject of discussions by more than 100 Mississippi health care professionals working to better serve the women they see every day. 

The internationally established perinatal mental health training this week was free to participants because of a grant from the federal government and the collaboration of two Mississippi health groups.

The three-day course ran through Wednesday at Table 100 restaurant in the Jackson suburb of Flowood. On Monday and Tuesday, participants learned from Postpartum Support International educators how to spot important warning signs, understand lifesaving distinctions and get women and their partners connected to help they need during a time of significant and often misunderstood physical, emotional and identity shifts.

Enrollees included physicians, midwives, doulas, nurses, therapists, lactation consultants, social workers and pharmacists. Many said they have long been interested in learning how to better help the mothers they work with, but the cost of such a course would usually be prohibitive.

“It’s a very professional, well-respected program, so I’ve had it on my wish list and I’d already kind of started to budget it out and was planning on maybe eventually going to it in New Orleans. But then when I heard about this, I jumped on it,” said Bianca Wooden, a lactation consultant in Ocean Springs. 

Scholarships were made possible because leaders from Mississippi Public Health Institute, a nonprofit that promotes wellbeing, and Champ4Moms, a referral service at the University of Mississippi Medical Center for providers who treat mothers, allocated funding from federal grants. Both groups’ grants came from the Health Resources and Services Administration. 

Between 2019 and 2023, Mississippi had the highest rate of pregnancy-related death. The leading causes include mental health. 

About 1 in 5 women suffers from postpartum depression – a number that is likely closer to 1 in 3 due to underreporting, said Paige Bellenbaum, a Postpartum Support International trainer based in New York.

And it’s not just postpartum depression. Perinatal mental health encompasses many conditions that arise during pregnancy all the way up through 12 months postpartum. If untreated, conditions can last well beyond that. Anxiety can be just as common as depression and can be crippling for new moms.

There’s also panic disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder, not to mention preexisting conditions such as bipolar or post-traumatic stress disorder that become exacerbated or changed by the demands of motherhood. 

Globally, about 1 in 3 women experiences some form of physical or sexual abuse, and PTSD from those experiences is often triggered by pregnancy and birth. 

“I assume everyone has a history of trauma until proven otherwise,” said Birdie Gunyon Meyer, a registered nurse with a master’s degree in psychology and counseling who serves as the director of education and training at Postpartum Support International. 

Panelists stressed the importance of having a diversity of providers trained in perinatal mental health, since new mothers see their obstetricians alarmingly infrequently for just a few minutes at a time.

It’s often unclear to doctors whether evaluating mothers for mental health conditions falls on them, speakers said. Having many professionals who encounter women throughout their pregnancy and postpartum period trained in perinatal mental health helps eliminate those misses.  

The providers who are seen as less clinical may even have better luck getting patients to open up. And while they can’t diagnose or give medical advice, they can refer those patients to professionals who can.

“I think the reframe for our ally professionals is you might be able to get that ‘in’ before I do as a therapist,” said Patience Riley, a Georgia-based licensed professional counselor and trainer for Postpartum Support International. “People are going to tell you their stories before they tell me their stories. They feel more relaxed, they feel more comfortable, so use that to your advantage to then offer the referral to the therapist, to the prescriber, to the clinic.”

Attendees learned how not to make assumptions around pregnancy, childbirth and motherhood, such as: getting pregnant is easy or difficult, being pregnant means being in a loving relationship, a C-section is easy, strong women don’t need medication, being a mother is instinctual or breastfeeding will come naturally.

They also learned important distinctions such as the difference between the intrusive thoughts of harming one’s baby that are due to OCD and are very unlikely to occur, versus those due to psychosis which are more likely to occur.  

Activities involved asking participants to recall a time they met someone who was using substances during pregnancy or motherhood to examine their biases and reflect on how to suspend judgment, as well as learning how to perform intake assessments and earn patients’ trust.

Providers who completed the training are eligible to take an exam at a Pearson testing center to gain internationally accredited certification through Postpartum Support International. 

That certification helps assure parents that the provider has legitimate training, but trained providers who choose not to take the test will still help fill in gaps in care, the educators said. 

“Motherhood today can be such a lonely and isolating experience just based on the composition of families and geography,” Bellenbaum said. “A long time ago we had cousins and aunties and grandmothers and moms around, to not only support baby but to support mom. And we just don’t have that community for a lot of families anymore.”

For moms, having a support group or working with a doula, an acupuncturist or another health care provider “can be a part of this fabric to help you through that transition,” she said. 

With apologies to all the rest, the best and most meaningful college football rivalry involving a Mississippi team has been the one that matches Ole Miss against LSU. Historically, nothing else comes close.

The two teams play again Saturday at Oxford. Both are undefeated. Both have looked like FBS playoff teams. LSU is ranked No. 4, and Ole Miss is ranked No. 13. Surprisingly, at least to this column, Ole Miss is favored, albeit by the slimmest of margins.

I have covered probably 30 Ole Miss-LSU games in person, but my introduction to the rivalry was not in person or even on TV. No, it came on Halloween night, 66 years ago. LSU was ranked No. 1, Ole Miss No. 3. My father and I listened to the radio at our kitchen table with a yellow formica top on 26th Avenue in Hattiesburg. Our beige Philco radio was tuned to 870 AM, WWL in New Orleans. As was usually was the case at night, WWL came in loud and clear. LSU broadcaster J.C. Politz was on the call.

Ole Miss led 3-0 when Jake Gibbs punted late in the fourth quarter. We heard Politz say Billy Cannon gathered in the punt on a bounce at his own 11-yard line. We heard Politz say Cannon stumbled momentarily at the 20. And then, we couldn’t hear anything Politz said. All we could hear was the roar of the crowd. But, even at age 7, I knew what was happening.

The rest is college football lore. Cannon broke several tackles en route to an 89-yard touchdown. It won the game for LSU and the Heisman Trophy for Cannon. It cost the greatest football team in Mississippi history the outright national championship. Ole Miss absolutely dominated the game, except on the scoreboard. The Rebels gained 19 first downs and 363 yards to six first downs and 74 yards total for LSU. In a Sugar Bowl rematch, Ole Miss hammered LSU 21-0. If not for Cannon’s punt return, that Ole Miss team probably would be remembered as the greatest college football team of all time. Those Rebels outscored 11 opponents, including mighty LSU twice, 349-21

Fifty-four years later, in 2013, Cannon and his LSU coach, Paul Dietzel, attended a meeting of the Jackson Touchdown Club. Also in attendance were several of the ’59 Ole Miss Rebels. Beforehand, Cannon and Dietzel posed for a Clarion Ledger photographer while the former Ole Miss players stood off to the side and watched. And then Marvin Terrell, the biggest and strongest of all the ’59 Rebels, brought down the house when he bellowed, “Hey Billy, come try to run through us now.”

Wisely, Cannon declined.

The LSU-Ole Miss series has provided so many more poignant memories, though few with the national ramifications of that ’59 game. The last three Ole Miss-LSU games have ended with the home crowd storming the field The last two meetings have been especially memorable.

Two years ago at Oxford, Ole Miss overcame a 42-34 fourth quarter deficit to win 55-49 in a duel of fantastic quarterbacks Jayden Daniels and Jaxson Dart. As of today, both Daniels and Dart are starting NFL quarterbacks. Last year, at Baton Rouge, Garrett Nussmeier rallied No. 13 LSU to a 29-26 overtime victory over Dart and the No. 9 Rebels. My guess: Nussmeier, as well, will one day start at quarterback in the NFL.

My most memorable in-person Ole Miss-LSU game? There have been so many, but I’d have to go with the 1997 meeting when unranked Ole Miss stunned No. 8 LSU 36-21 behind a heroic performance from previously unsung quarterback Stewart Patridge. Remember?

If you were there at Tiger Stadium that sunny, breezy afternoon, you haven’t forgotten. A week earlier, LSU had knocked No. 1 and undefeated Florida, coached by Steve Spurrier. Ole Miss had lost two of its first five games by double digits. There was nothing to suggest heavily favored LSU wouldn’t wipe the field with Tommy Tuberville’s Rebels, still reeling from NCAA probation and with only 68 players on scholarship.

Patridge, who would win the Conerly Trophy that season, had transferred to Ole Miss from Mississippi Delta Junior College and had not become the Rebels’ starter until late in his junior season. But that October afternoon in Baton Rouge, Patridge was remarkable. Checking off about every other play against the constantly blitzing LSU defense, Patridge, both resourceful and accurate, threw for 346 yards and two touchdowns. He picked LSU apart is what he did. Time and time again, he hit key third down passes to extend drives and keep the Tigers’ offense off the field.

By game’s end, much of the LSU crowd had exited. In the southeast corner of the Tiger Stadium end zone, about 3,000 Ole Miss had-to-be-hoarse fans stayed and Hotty Toddied long, long after the final horn sounded.

Death Valley? Not that day.

After years of being ridiculed for her prominent nose, Marisa Hankins decided to undergo plastic surgery. 

“My whole entire life, I was made fun of for it,” said the 44-year-old hairstylist from Biloxi.

But the relief she felt after the 2021 rhinoplasty was short-lived. Less than a year later, a stitch inside her body ruptured through the skin’s surface and the area below it caved in, leaving a dimple at the end of her nose. 

Her surgeon, Dr. Adair Blackledge of Blackledge Face Center in Jackson, offered to correct the issue – going as far as volunteering to drive three hours to Biloxi on a weekend to look at it. But Hankins said she decided she didn’t feel comfortable receiving further medical care from him.

Hankins was wary of some aspects of her surgery, she said — how rushed the procedure felt, the oral sedative medications she was given that did not kick in until after surgery was over, and the “excruciating pain” she felt taking out her stitches using the staple remover Blackledge sent home with her. She had already returned to Jackson twice for minor issues.

“It was a very valuable lesson in vanity,” said Hankins, who uses movie special effects makeup to cover the cavity.

“You go there to get something fixed that you don’t like about yourself,” she said. “And then, they make it worse.” 

Hankins is not the only patient who has voiced concerns about the care Blackledge gave. In interviews with Mississippi Today, six others said they experienced prominent scarring or sought medical attention for wounds or complications after surgeries performed by Blackledge. They recounted quick procedures, results that didn’t last and repeated revisions, or procedures to correct or improve past surgeries.

Mississippi Today spoke to other patients with similar concerns who declined to be named because they did not want people to know they had cosmetic surgeries or said they felt embarrassed. 

Blackledge, a well-known facial plastic surgeon who has practiced in the Jackson area for 22 years, told Mississippi Today for months that he could not locate a written transfer agreement he said he had with St. Dominic Hospital in Jackson. Such an agreement is a state requirement for surgeons who sedate their patients in their offices, and an agreement is widely considered a critical patient safety measure for office-based surgery.

The agreements lay out a plan for transportation and treatment of patients at a hospital in case of medical complications or emergencies.

Meredith Bailess, a spokesperson for St. Dominic Hospital in Jackson, said on Aug. 20 the hospital did not have a transfer agreement with Blackledge Face Center and was unable to locate an older agreement.

Blackledge provided a written transfer agreement with St. Dominic to Mississippi Today on Tuesday, signed that day, after Mississippi Today inquired about it for the third time in three months.

He has not faced any public disciplinary action by the Mississippi Board of Medical Licensure, the state agency that licenses and regulates physicians. 

Over the past year, Blackledge has faced an onslaught of patient complaints on social media. Some patients, including Hankins, said they believed they were uniquely unfortunate until they discovered online that others had similar experiences.

In emails responding to questions from Mississippi Today, Blackledge described the past year as a “social media barrage,” in which he, his family and his staff members have been attacked and threatened by patients. 

“I believe that what set all this off was a person who considered herself a social media influencer who was initially positive and then turned negative and began the frenzy against me,” he said. 

Blackledge said he believes the treatment he provided to the patients interviewed for this article met the standard of care expected of a facial plastic surgeon, and emphasized that they represent only a small portion of his patient population.

“The past year has been an extremely frustrating one for me, and I really feel like I am being painted in a false light by patients who had apparently unreasonable expectations of the results that could be achieved,” he said.

Blackledge said his commitment to patient privacy has prevented him from responding publicly to accusations made about his practice, but he does his best to treat every patient the way he would want a physician to treat him or a family member.

“When you contacted our clinic, it was actually a relief to me that I would finally be able to tell a limited version of my side of this story,” he said to Mississippi Today.

Blackledge’s training and credentials

There are few requirements for doctors to practice facial plastic surgery in Mississippi. Across the U.S., licensed physicians are given the leeway to practice any specialty of their choosing.

Some opt to gain additional, elective credentialing to certify their training in a specialty field. About 90% of U.S. physicians opt to become board certified, which requires that doctors complete an accredited residency program, pass an examination and do continuing education throughout their careers to maintain their certification. 

Board certification is not required, but some experts argue it is an important measure to consider when choosing a plastic surgeon or assessing their qualifications.

Blackledge began his career with a residency at the University of Mississippi Medical Center in otolaryngology, a surgical subspecialty focused on the ears, nose and throat. Part of the program was devoted solely to facial plastic and reconstructive training, he said. 

Some otolaryngologists, or ENTs, go on to practice facial plastic surgery, which is itself a subspecialty of otolaryngology. But Blackledge said he chose not to pursue board certification in otolaryngology because he was advised to distance himself from the field when he was starting out as a facial plastic surgeon. 

“I simply am not an otolaryngologist and do not think it would be fair to the field of otolaryngology or myself for me to be board certified in that field,” he said, citing the fact that he has not inserted ear tubes, performed a tonsillectomy, removed head and neck cancer or performed sinus surgery since his residency. 

Board certification improves patient safety by showing that a doctor has trained extensively in a field and demonstrated they are capable of performing certain procedures, said Dr. Ben McIntyre, a professor of plastic surgery at the University of Mississippi Medical Center and the director of its plastic surgery residency program. McIntyre is board certified in general surgery and plastic surgery.

“Physicians, we have a great duty to practice good medicine, safe medicine, and not harm patients by not doing things that we’re not approved or credentialed to do or have no training in,” McIntyre said. 

McIntyre, like all of the physicians interviewed for this story, spoke generally about plastic surgery, but did not comment on Blackledge’s practice. 

The Mississippi Board of Medical Licensure administrative code states that physicians performing office-based surgery “must be able to document satisfactory completion of surgical training such as Board certification or Board eligibility,” neither of which Blackledge holds. The board did not respond to questions about what other certifications are acceptable.

Blackledge said his residency and fellowship training clearly document extensive training in facial plastic surgery. He advertises himself as a fellowship-trained facial plastic surgeon.

Blackledge spent the year after his residency doing a fellowship in facial plastic surgery with Dr. E. Gaylon McCollough of Gulf Shores, Alabama. 

He said he took and passed the American Board of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery examination in 2003 after his fellowship, but he did not gain the credential because applicants must first be certified in otolaryngology or plastic surgery. Both fields are recognized by the primary organization that certifies specialty boards in the U.S., while facial plastic surgery is not.

Physicians must also submit a record of at least two years’ clinical experience and 100 operative reports for peer review in order to become board certified in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery.

Blackledge said he also shadowed Dr. Frank Kamer of Beverly Hills, California, for two weeks in 2003. 

He returned to Jackson in 2003 to practice facial plastic surgery with Dr. George J. Smith of Faces PLLC. In the early years of his career, from about 2003 to 2009, the company’s website represented Blackledge as a board-certified facial plastic surgeon, according to web archives of the page.

Blackledge told Mississippi Today he was unaware the website represented him as such and had no part in its development. In 2009, his practice and Smith’s separated. Smith died in 2023. 

There are few regulations guiding what procedures a doctor can or cannot perform in their office or what credentials they must hold, said Dr. Heather Faulkner, a board certified general and plastic surgeon and associate professor at Emory University School of Medicine who chairs the American Society of Plastic Surgeons’ patient safety committee. 

Many hospitals and insurance companies require doctors to be board-certified to gain hospital privileges or register as providers. But neither is required for office-based, elective surgeries paid in cash, she said, which places the onus on patients to evaluate doctors’ training and certifications. 

“There’s a hard stop (in hospitals), but in a private office, there’s no hard stop there,” Faulkner said. “And there’s no law that says that you can’t practice a specialty that you’re not trained in.” 

Speedy surgeries, no general anesthesia

From his office on Lakeland Drive, Blackledge performed 719 surgeries in 2024, according to a post on his Instagram page. He told Mississippi Today that he has performed 12,000 facelifts and rhinoplasties – a pace of at least two such procedures per working day – in his 22-year career. 

Courtney Sampson, now 42, traveled from Colorado for a deep plane facelift focused on the lower cheek and neck with Blackledge in 2024. She was surprised by the time it took Blackledge to complete the procedure – about an hour and 15 minutes, according to medical records she shared with Mississippi Today.

The deep plane facelift, a procedure that has risen in popularity in recent years, repositions the layer of fat, muscle and fascia below the skin by releasing it from retaining ligaments. Doctors describe it as an aggressive technique that yields more natural-looking results than traditional skin lifts but carries risks due to proximity to facial nerves. 

Patient records show Hankins’ rhinoplasty and a facelift, which were performed in one sitting, took 65 minutes total. Other patient records reviewed by Mississippi Today showed a neck lift completed in 40 minutes and facelift and brow lift in an hour and 20 minutes. Each procedure involved different techniques and parts of the face. 

It takes the average plastic surgeon a little over four hours to perform a facelift, said Dr. Alan Matarasso, a board-certified New York plastic surgeon and president of the Plastic Surgery Foundation, a research and education organization affiliated with the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. 

Three other plastic surgeons interviewed for this story estimated that the average facelift takes about four to five hours. 

Blackledge said there is no way to compare the amount of time a facelift takes to another because each one involves different techniques and areas of the face. The patient’s weight and age, staff’s skill level, whether general anesthesia is used and whether a surgery is a revision are all factors that influence the amount of time a procedure takes. 

A procedure like Sampson’s, which was focused on the lower cheek and neck, can take less time than a full facelift, he said. 

Blackledge said he was taught that taking more than two hours for a facelift suggests a lack of technical skill and can lead to more complications. He said he believes he is well above the “average plastic surgeon,” both in terms of where he trained and the number of procedures he has performed, adding that ENTs who focus solely on facial plastic surgery may be more efficient than plastic surgeons who perform other procedures. 

“I do not believe that there should be a specific time it takes to perform a facelift,” he said. 

Blackledge performs major surgeries, including facelifts, without general anesthesia. He instructs some patients to remove their staples themselves. For patients who have traveled to Mississippi, he does post-operative visits at their hotel rooms. 

Some surgeons employ these practices, but they aren’t common, said McIntyre, the director of UMMC’s plastic surgery residency program.

Blackledge said he prefers not to completely sedate his patients so they can follow commands and move their mouths during surgery, which allows him to see tissue position and avoid important nerves. He said he administers local anesthetics where he plans to make incisions, and in a minority of cases – about 10% – he inserts an IV, primarily for fluids. 

The medical community is divided on the safety of this method. Some plastic surgeons say this method can be safe, while others caution against it for complex procedures, like facelifts. 

“Most surgeons are going to want to do (facelifts) in an operating room under general anesthesia,” McIntyre said. Operating on the face poses risks of nerve damage and bleeding, he said, and sudden patient movement could lead to injury of the mouth, nose or throat. 

Matarasso said general anesthesia is not always necessary for procedures like facelifts, but recommended monitoring by an anesthesiologist for patient safety and comfort. 

Blackledge said he believes general anesthesia increases the likelihood of risks, complications and dissatisfaction because a plastic surgeon can’t determine if he or she is getting close to nerves or if the surgery is causing asymmetry when a patient is unresponsive. He said it also has a greater risk of injury to the throat. 

Several patients told Mississippi Today they chose Blackledge’s practice specifically because he does not use general anesthesia. 

Blackledge uses a sleeping pill and a sedative, anti-anxiety medication – Ambien and Valium – to sedate most patients before surgery, a drug combination he said he has used his entire career. 

The regimen “provides pain control while allowing the patient to be conscious and responsive as well as relaxed in which could otherwise be a harrowing experience,” he said. 

McIntyre warned that combining sleeping pills with sedatives could dangerously depress the central nervous system. The combination can be difficult to control because the absorption of oral medications varies by patient, and the effects can peak after surgery – when patients are no longer being monitored – potentially making it difficult for them to breathe. 

Dr. Gianfranco Frojo is a board-certified Virginia plastic surgeon currently serving as one of the directors of The Aesthetic Foundation, the research arm of The Aesthetic Society, who has studied the use of oral sedation and local anesthesia for a limited facelift technique. 

He said he does not recommend using oral sedation for complex procedures, like deep plane facelifts, because there is a greater risk of damage to facial nerves. He said he doesn’t currently use the method in any facelift he performs.

He said he has never heard of sleeping pills being used for preoperative sedation and warned that patients could fall asleep, making it more difficult to protect the airway.

“I would be very alarmed if someone was prescribing Ambien for patients prior to procedures that they need to be awake for,” he said. 

Blackledge said he was trained using this regimen and monitors respirations and oxygen levels throughout surgeries, which is documented in medical records. He said he has never had an adverse event related to anesthesia administration.

Blackledge said the medications he administers, which have been shown to cause amnesia, may have led some patients to misremember parts of their surgeries. 

Four patients told Mississippi Today they did not recall changing out of their clothes and into a surgical gown for their surgeries.

It’s typical for patients to change into a surgical gown before complex procedures to minimize the chance of infection, McIntyre said.

Sampson, who received a facelift from Blackledge in 2024, arrived wearing a zip-up sweatshirt. She said she was conscious for most of the surgery but does not remember changing into a gown. 

After the surgery, the hood of her sweatshirt was covered in blood, she recalled. A photograph of Sampson taken 10 minutes after surgery shows her recovering in the sweatshirt. 

Blackledge said his nurse and surgical assistants change patients into surgical gowns after they have been sedated and help them back into their clothes after surgery. 

Frojo said patients typically change into gowns themselves before surgery begins. 

“When the patient is sedated, the surgery should be happening, and nothing else,” he said. 

‘You’ll be shocked’ 

Blackledge’s website casts him as an out-of-the-ordinary doctor who sets himself apart with a personal approach to patient care.

“You’ll be shocked when he responds to your texts, even after-hours,” reads the site. “You’ll be thankful when he visits your home or hotel to change your dressing after your facelift. Call him crazy, call him obsessive, call him the consummate Southern gentleman: Adair Blackledge will transform your expectations of facial aesthetics and patient care.”

Blackledge said he has operated a charity since 2008 providing free removal of tattoos from sex trafficking survivors and free removal of gang-related tattoos from formerly incarcerated men. 

He has over 20,000 followers on Facebook.

Blackledge said his availability to patients before and after surgery and his willingness to accommodate them financially sets him apart from other physicians. 

Kellie James, now 56, traveled from Sugar Land, Texas, for a lower face and neck lift with Blackledge in 2022. The quotes she received for surgery in the Houston area were more than double Blackledge’s. More importantly, she said, she was impressed with the before and after photographs posted on his social media.

She said she appreciated Blackledge’s bedside manner and availability after surgery. She returned to Blackledge for another procedure in 2023 and said she would recommend him to a friend. 

“He literally turned me back about 20 years, in my opinion,” she said. 

Patients also said they were drawn to Blackledge’s charming personality and ability to remember details about them, which made them trust and feel comfortable around him.

But some said they felt they had not asked enough questions or did not understand all the risks. 

Some said they expected to be more sedated than they were, remember crying out in pain, were surprised by the location of incisions or staples, or did not expect Blackledge to use staples, rather than sutures, in certain areas of their face. 

Blackledge said he spends a significant amount of time with patients in consultations, ensuring they are a reasonable candidate for the procedure and they understand the risks and where incisions will be made. He said he recommends surgery to less than two-thirds of the patients he consults with and marks on patients before surgery begins. 

Summer Price, now 47, traveled from Denver in 2023 for a facelift and brow lift with Blackledge after reading good reviews on social media. She said she was initially happy with the result, which made her look much younger, and she recommended Blackledge’s practice to several friends. 

But she said she was concerned with the placement of her incisions and staples.

They did not match the drawing Blackledge provided to her, which showed a few stitches hidden in her hairline and others placed behind her ears but concealed by hair. But the incision behind her ears draped about an inch below her hairline, and there were more staples than she expected.

“So many staples – staples upon staples upon staples,” she said. “There was no rhyme or reason.” 

A year and a half later, pearly white scars trailed along Price’s hairline, wrapped around her ears and extended behind them, with white scars dotting areas where staples were placed, photographs show. Her face initially appeared lifted but had mostly returned to its previous appearance after four months, she said.

Price said the placement of her scars was debilitating, and she has undergone several scar camouflage tattoo sessions. She stopped wearing her hair up, and didn’t go to the gym for a year and a half because of embarrassment. She doesn’t socialize as frequently as she used to and struggles with a crippling anxiety that she might make the wrong decision. 

“I can’t move on from it, because it’s a constant reminder,” she said. 

Blackledge said the pictures he has of Price’s scars show an “extremely reasonable result” and emphasized that she was initially satisfied and recommended his practice to friends.

He said that there is no way to avoid the potential of excessive scar formation in any surgical procedure and said he uses techniques during surgery and post-operatively, like creams, to avoid and address scarring. 

Frojo, the Virginia plastic surgeon who is one of the directors of The Aesthetic Foundation, said facelift scars are planned to be hidden and shouldn’t be identifiable by someone who doesn’t know they are there. Placing incisions at natural transitions in a person’s skin and proper tension can prevent noticeable scarring, he said. 

Most red or sensitive scarring matures within a year, said McIntyre. Abnormal scars, like keloids and hypertrophic scars, may take longer. 

Patients signed consent forms, which are typical for such surgeries, acknowledging they discussed the potential risks and complications with Blackledge, including scarring, infection and numbness, that no results were guaranteed and that in rare instances, a revisionary procedure might be required. 

“These consent forms constitute documentary proof of the consent process, because memories fade with time, especially when a patient has a result that is less than she was hoping for,” Blackledge said.

Exempt from scrutiny

Anna Ford, now 34, of Poplar Bluff, Missouri, was full of excitement the day of her surgery to slim her nose with Blackledge in 2020. Her nose had troubled her for years, and the procedure was financially out of reach for her in nearby St. Louis, where she said cosmetic plastic surgery is costly. 

Her nose was fuller than she had hoped after the procedure with Blackledge, but he offered to revise it at no charge. 

After returning to Mississippi in 2021 for a revision surgery, Ford’s nose became red and swollen in winter months and she said she occasionally caught whiffs of a “foul odor.” She said she felt chronically fatigued and depressed.

Nearly three years after the procedure, her nose darkened and became inflamed for weeks before an abscess in her nose burst, leaving an indentation that remains at the tip of her nose today. She said she then realized that the smell had been coming from inside her nose. 

“It smelled like death,” she said. 

Ford’s revision occurred six days after Hankins’, the rhinoplasty patient who now uses special effects makeup to cover the cavity at the end of her nose. Both women experienced sutures bursting through their skin and have a similar indentation at the tip of the nose.  

A slew of doctors’ appointments revealed that Ford had a chronic infection inside her nose. This spring, she underwent surgery to remove the infection after multiple rounds of antibiotics failed to clear it. When it persisted, an infectious disease specialist recommended inserting a long-term intravenous line to deliver antibiotics over a period of weeks. 

Three days after it was inserted, she said she felt her energy return. “I was like, ‘Is this what normal people feel like?’” she said. “I was so sick for so long and thought it was depression the whole time. But it was an infection.” 

Ford said she has had no feeling in her nose since the 2021 surgery. 

Blackledge said Ford removed her bandages sooner than she was instructed to, which resulted in a defect in her skin. He said he could not speak to the subsequent issues Ford has faced, but noted that every surgical procedure carries the risk of infection.

“The fact that an infection occurred post-operatively is not proof of inappropriate care,” he said.

He said Ford sent an intimidating message threatening “karma” to one of his nurses, an example of the “mob mentality” of unhappy patients he has faced. Ford said she sent the message because she is angry and thinks he and his staff are responsible for the infection.

Other patients who spoke to Mississippi Today said they experienced various side effects after surgery, including noticeable scarring, a cheek implant bursting through the skin, a loss of feeling in the neck that has lasted five years, scars that badly itch, and wounds that opened and required further medical attention. 

Every surgery carries the risk of complications, or health problems that arise after a procedure. A recent review of 59 scientific articles studying rates of complications in facelifts indicated that unfavorable scarring is the most common and occurs in about 5% of cases. 

About 3% of rhinoplasties result in complications, including abscesses, infection and adverse esthetic outcomes, and 15% of patients have revisions, according to a recent paper studying complication rates in rhinoplasties.

Blackledge said he believes his complication rate is far below the national average. 

“Given the recognized complication rate in various facial plastic procedures, and the number of procedures I perform each year, I understand there will be patients who are not happy with their result,” Blackledge said. “But that is true for every doctor, regardless of the field.”

He said many problems, like redness and numbness, are not unusual and can be corrected with additional treatments or heal with time. He said he discusses the possibility of undesired scars with each patient and has no recollection of receiving a complaint about an implant bursting through the skin. 

Implants and stitches bursting through the skin occur very rarely, but do happen, McIntyre said. 

Blackledge said he has never been sued in 22 years of medical practice. Mississippi Today searched state and federal court records and could not locate any suits filed against Blackledge pertaining to patient care. 

There is little comprehensive research that clearly demonstrates how frequently cosmetic facial plastic surgery patients are dissatisfied or make complaints after their procedures. One recent article studying a sample of 2,000 patient reviews on social media showed about 8% of reviews were negative, with most citing dissatisfaction with the outcome.

Research shows that high volumes of patient complaints can predict higher rates of medical complications and legal suits, said Dr. Scott Hultman, director of the department of plastic and reconstructive surgery at WakeMed Health and Hospitals in Raleigh, North Carolina. Hultman has conducted research on unsolicited patient complaints made about surgeons to hospitals. 

Hospitals can use complaint data to intervene and modify surgeons’ behavior, he said. But there are few avenues for patients to make formal complaints in office-based surgery settings, where private practice surgeons are generally exempt from such oversight. 

“That’s one of the loopholes in medicine,” he said. “…They often will escape scrutiny for a while until enough patients complain or there’s a malpractice case.” 

Blackledge said there are several avenues for patients to make complaints, including lawsuits and to government agencies. 

‘You’re just wanting them to fix it and fix it’ 

Vicky Pitts, now 55, underwent a neck lift with Blackledge in 2020. Weeks after the procedure, the Laurel resident said she noticed her face drop. 

“Everything went sour,” said Pitts, who said it appeared her surgery resulted in no change in her appearance. She reached out to Blackledge about her concerns, beginning a string of revisions and touch-up surgeries that occurred for more than two years.

One study estimates that early relapses after facelift surgery occur in about 2% of cases.

Blackledge said his facelifts are conservative and he explains to patients he can always revise them – at no charge – if they are not pleased. He said because adverse outcomes can happen, he makes himself as available as possible to his patients. 

He said he also pays for patients’ flights and accommodations for revisions. 

“I have done this for over ten years and believe patients appreciate it,” Blackledge said. 

Pitts said she was grateful that Blackledge provided the revisions free of charge, because she couldn’t afford to go to another surgeon after paying for the original procedure.

But some of her revisions came with their own problems, she said. On several occasions, her stitches popped out, leaving incisions gaping open. Once, she went to urgent care to have a wound sutured again. 

It was difficult for Pitts to explain why she kept returning, even when she kept experiencing difficulties and wasn’t seeing the results she wanted. She said she felt vulnerable. 

“You’re just wanting them to fix it and fix it,” she said.

Social media brushfire

Scores of alleged patients of Blackledge have shared stories and photographs of their surgery experiences in a members-only Facebook group created in 2023. 

The concerned patients began reaching a wider audience early this year after sharing images on a public Instagram page that now has over 12,000 followers. Price, an administrator of the page, said she received dozens of messages from former patients. 

“It was like a brushfire,” she said. “I couldn’t even keep up.”

Blackledge said he faced no issues regarding his practice until the social media attacks from the past year. 

“I didn’t suddenly forget how to do what I was trained to do, and the process and protocols for patient care that I have been using successfully for over 20 years and 12,000 procedures didn’t suddenly become ineffective,” he said. 

He said he located social media posts and pictures from people who have never been his patients and that many made inaccurate and disparaging comments. 

Some patients said the Facebook group helped them feel less alone.

“I was glad that he didn’t just single me out, because that’s how I felt for the longest,” said Jill Hamilton, now 47, from Nashville, who said she endured discomfort in her face for over a year after Blackledge inserted cheek implants during a 2023 facelift revision surgery – her third revision with him. One implant burst through her skin in 2024, she said. 

Blackledge said he was never contacted by Hamilton about the implant bursting through her skin. 

On social media, patients encouraged one another to make formal complaints about their care with Blackledge to the Mississippi Board of Medical Licensure.

State medical boards are often one of the only places to lodge complaints against office-based surgeons who are not board-certified, Hultman said, because there is no hospital or credentialing board to which complaints can be reported. It can also be a longer, more cumbersome process.

Price said she was interviewed earlier this year by the board after she submitted a complaint. But five other patients told Mississippi Today their complaints were dismissed by the board or they did not receive a response. 

In an email, board attorney Paul Barnes declined to say whether the board is investigating any of the complaints, citing its policy not to comment on pending investigations. Complaints are not public record while a disciplinary investigation is pending and remain confidential if no action is taken. 

Sampson, who traveled to Mississippi for a facelift last year, said she saw little change in her appearance and has “horrible scars” from her procedure. Her experience has caused her to lose trust in the medical system, which she believes has done too little to protect her and other patients.

She said it feels that rather than being taken seriously for their claims, she and other patients have been deemed vindictive for sharing their stories. 

“That is not the case at all,” she said. “I just don’t want this to continue happening.” 

The University of Southern Mississippi and Omega Psi Phi Fraternity Inc. are facing a federal lawsuit from a student who was hospitalized after a hazing incident that resulted in  surgery and a blood transfusion. 

Rafeal Joseph filed a complaint Monday in federal court in Hattiesburg against the university; Valencia Walls, associate director of USM’s Office of Fraternity and Sorority life; Omega Psi Phi, a national Black fraternity organization; Nu Eta, USM chapter of the fraternity; and multiple other people. 

According to the lawsuit, the abuse began in December 2022 when Joseph and other fraternity pledges for the Nu Eta chapter met in the library to have a “haze talk.” Members told pledges they would take their money and food and deprive them of sleep, and that the members would use intimidation and threaten pledges with physical abuse and beatings with a 2×4 plank of wood cut into the shape of a paddle, the lawsuit says. 

The culmination of the hazing occurred in April 2023 during the fraternity’s “Hell Night,” a ritual where members beat Joseph and pledges severely with a wooden paddle, the lawsuit alleges. Joseph was sent to the emergency room, spent nearly 11 days in the hospital and had to relearn how to walk, the suit says. 

University officials were made aware of the abuse and did nothing to help Joseph or discipline his abusers, according to the lawsuit. 

The University of Southern Mississippi and Omega Psi Phi did not respond to Mississippi Today’s request for comment by press time Tuesday. 

“We see violent incidents like these time and again across the nation but, instead of taking action, fraternity leaders and university officials alike sweep it under the rug and write it off as ‘boys will be boys,’” Bakari Sellers, a civil rights attorney at Strom Law Firm, who is representing Joseph, said in a press statement. “This isn’t youthful indiscretion. This isn’t tradition and it sure isn’t brotherhood. It’s criminal violence and abuse and it needs to end.” 

The lawsuit also alleges that in fall 2022, a student who pledged Nu Eta, months prior to Joseph also suffered hazing injuries, including a torn ligament in his knee. It required the student to use crutches to participate in the fraternity’s probate ceremony. USM did not investigate hazing-related injuries suffered by this student or take action against the fraternity, according to the lawsuit. 

“If someone struck a stranger with a 2×4, they’d face criminal charges,” Shequeena McKenzie, an attorney in Jackson who is also representing Joseph, said in a press statement. “USM’s response suggests that the same conduct inside a fraternity is somehow acceptable.”

Joseph is seeking compensation to cover medical bills, loss of income and attorney fees. He is also seeking a court order to stop defendants from continuing alleged behavior while leaving room for other remedies to be granted during a jury trial. 

It is another instance in a high-profile hazing case against Omega Psi Phi. Earlier this year, Caleb Wilson, a Southern University student in Louisiana, died in an off-campus hazing incident involving the Beta Sigma chapter of the fraternity. Three members of the organization were later expelled from the fraternity and charged with crimes related to Wilson’s death.

Editor’s note: This essay is part of Mississippi Today Ideas, a platform for thoughtful Mississippians to share fact-based ideas about our state’s past, present and future. You can read more about the section here.

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Political violence is no longer an abstract threat but a heavy reality for Americans.

In recent months, we have seen Pennsylvania’s Gov. Josh Shapiro and his family targeted during Passover, a Minnesota state legislator and her husband assassinated in their own home, another Minnesota legislator and his wife shot and now the high-profile killing of Charlie Kirk at a college campus rally. Most Americans are struggling to make sense of the state of our union.

Political fallout related to Kirk’s assassination has been immediate with a chilling effect spreading beyond violence itself.

ABC talk show host Jimmy Kimmel was yanked off the air temporarily for remarks he made about Kirk’s death. Both private citizens and public figures face the threat of professional ruin for speaking, or being perceived as speaking, too freely.

America is wounded. And the role of public officials should be obvious: lower the temperature, uphold the rule of law and safeguard citizens’ rights. Instead, state Auditor Shad White – the first millennial to serve in statewide office in Mississippi – chose to weaponize his platform and power against two women for expressing their views on their personal social media accounts.

On Sept. 11, Auditor White logged onto Facebook and X where he published the headshot, contact information and social media account of a University of Mississippi employee. Two days later, he doxed another Mississippian — a small business owner in Lucedale. With the Lucedale woman, White took it a step further and advised: “Everyone, I would buy from a differently owned local business if I were you.”

What followed should have been predictable and completely foreseeable to a Harvard-trained lawyer like White. Both women and their families received threats. Both now face the possibility of losing livelihoods and reputations they worked years to build.

This was not auditing. This was intimidation. This was the state’s chief watchdog turning his authority into a cudgel against his own constituents.

As state auditor, White has lawful tools at his disposal if he truly believes a public employee engaged in misconduct: internal reviews, disciplinary referrals, even formal investigations. Those mechanisms ensure due process that is the constitutional safeguard protecting every American from arbitrary government action.

White substituted the rule of law for online outrage in direct retaliation against private citizens for speech protected by the First Amendment.

When government officials weaponize their office to punish speech, it doesn’t just chill debate. It endangers lives. The predictable harassment these women now face is not an unfortunate accident; it is the natural consequence of a public official broadcasting their personal information to an inflamed audience of more than 38,000 followers.

What White did is not just bad judgment but an abuse of office. Elected officials swear an oath to their constituents and are bound by fiduciary duties to the taxpayers they serve. Using state resources and official platforms for personal political gain violates that trust and exposes the state, and its taxpayers, to legal liability.

It also sets a precedent no Mississippian wants: Your livelihood, your safety and your family can be put at risk at the whim of a politician chasing clicks. Today, it’s two women who criticized Charlie Kirk. Tomorrow, it could be anyone who dares to speak against those in power.

The irony should not escape anyone: White, who publicly champions Christian conservative values, singled out two vulnerable women at a moment when violence against political dissent dominates national headlines.

True leadership requires empathy and restraint. In his post about the woman in Lucedale, White wrote: “There is no place for political violence in America, even if you disagree with (Kirk).” It is baffling that White condemns political violence when it suits his brand of politics but remains silent while his own actions incite harassment against the very people he swore an oath to protect.

I’ve spent my career representing people and businesses facing government overreach and government failure, often when the stakes are high and emotion flows freely. What happened here in Mississippi is not a local story but a case study in how fragile constitutional protections become when officials place ambition above duty.

From Kimmel being pulled off air, to women in Lucedale and Oxford receiving threats, to families grieving after senseless acts of political violence, the throughline is clear: When speech is chilled, due process is eliminated. When power is abused, our civil rights are not safe.

That is why I fight in the courtroom and in the public square to hold government accountable and to ensure that, even in moments of chaos, the rule of law remains.

If Mississippi’s auditor believes weaponizing his office against his own citizens is acceptable conduct, then he has disqualified himself from holding any public office going forward. Because in America, we do not audit dissent. We audit dollars.

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Bio: Kimberly Russell, Esq., is the founder of The Russell Law Firm in Washington. A former journalist turned litigator, she provides strategic support in trials and appeals. Her work focuses on protecting due process and strengthening the rule of law. She grew up in Brandon and earned her law degree from the University of Mississippi.

WRITTEN BY: Laurie Guillaume

Keedrick Palmer, Director of Youth United, a United Way of the Capital Area program, has a mission that can be summed up in one powerful line: “Preparing next generation’s leaders today.” Motivated by his own experience growing up without strong guidance, Keedrick has been committed to positively shaping young lives since junior high. Now completing his first year leading the Mississippi program, his personal motto, “aspire to inspire,” fuels a passion for empowering students across his home state. Youth United currently operates in schools located in Hinds, Madison, and Rankin County, a two-year commitment for high school juniors who serve as ambassadors through their senior year.

At the center of Youth United and Keedrick Palmer’s approach are three pillars: community service and visible engagement in local neighborhoods; etiquette and professional presence, including in-person behavior and responsible social media use; and college and career preparation, which covers admissions navigation, scholarship searches, ACT guidance, and interview readiness. Recruitment is promoted through the website, social media, and radio. Students apply on their own, complete a formal application, and attend an in-person interview in professional dress, where they are evaluated on punctuality, preparedness, and communication. High school campus advisors serve as logistical partners for passes and school coordination, but the program emphasizes that selection is rooted in student self-advocacy.

Students say the program is already shaping their outlook. Seneca Kelly, a junior at Terry High School, said, “The program influences my passion for advocacy by giving me more opportunities to meet new people and experience stories from others’ points of view. I plan on using these skills by explaining to others that there is more than one way to look at things and sometimes you have to flip the page to see what you are looking for.”

Monthly training takes place through the “Ambassador Bootcamp,” where community leaders, college representatives, legislative trainers, health professionals, and corporate partners offer presentations. Training sessions focus on building public speaking, networking, event planning, advocacy, and collaboration skills. Ambassadors are expected to bring what they learn back to their schools and communities, leading projects that align with United Way’s pillars of Health & Wellness, Education, and Economic Mobility. Students plan and execute engagement, schedule meetings, cultivate partnerships, and run events with minimal adult oversight.

For Ridgeland High School senior Kashvi Sukhadia, the program has changed how she views her community. “Before being a part of it, I often overlooked the challenges of my community, but as I worked on projects, I started to understand how deeply they affect people’s daily lives and why even small problems matter. One project that stood out to me was the Love Yours Health Symposium, a health awareness program that promoted different fields of health. By working on this project, I understood the importance of teamwork while seeing how I could make an impact on people my age by being active and contributing. I not only volunteered but also collaborated with students, guest speakers, and organizations all working side by side. This experience showed me that making an impact on others can be both meaningful to me and helpful to others.”

Community engagement efforts have included United Way Day at the Capitol, where students meet state legislators to raise issues they see locally; mental health symposiums; college and career fairs; school cleanups and “adopt a hallway” initiatives; mentoring and reading at elementary schools; and visits to nursing homes with snacks, crafts, and companionship. Students research local problems, identify resources, and design events as practical solutions.

Clinton High School junior Kerri West said the Ambassadors Program has helped her build essential leadership skills and collaborate with a network of like-minded peers and mentors. “A moment that made me feel proud was coming up with ideas and working with my peers on ways we could help different areas in our community,” she said.

The program measures success in terms of students reached, service events completed, and attendance figures. Other measures include pre- and post-program self-assessments, surveys, and visible growth in confidence and leadership behavior. Participation, punctuality, follow-through on projects, and, when possible, college acceptances and scholarships are also tracked.

Keedrick acknowledges there are challenges. However, he remains optimistic about the program’s future. Plans include prioritizing fundraising to strengthen school-based events around college, careers, and mental health, and eventually creating an ambassador leadership retreat in Washington, D.C.

Mississippi Attorney General Lynn Fitch and Jackson Mayor John Horhn signaled the state’s local opioid settlement dollars could continue to mostly be spent for purposes unrelated to addiction as they touted the importance of doing everything possible to address the fentanyl crisis. 

Horhn and Fitch held a joint press conference Monday morning in front of Jackson city hall to highlight that the city’s fire and police stations would now be stocked with the opioid overdose-reversing medication naloxone. It’s part of Fitch’s “One Pill Can Kill” campaign, a public awareness effort not funded by opioid settlement money to prevent fatal fentanyl overdoses.

Horhn spoke about the urgent need to prevent overdoses as he, Fitch, Interim Jackson Police Chief Tyree Jones and Interim Fire Chief Rasean Thomas stood in front of media microphones. 

“Anything we can do to help mitigate the dangers posed by fentanyl use is a good thing,” Horhn told reporters. 

Fitch echoed that message in her address.

“We see that there’s a crisis,” she said as Jackson first responders stood behind her holding boxes of naloxone. “We know what to do because we’re trained on this. We have the resources, the tools and the supplies.”

But neither said they would advocate that the lawsuit funds sent to cities and counties – paid by companies that contributed to the opioid crisis that has killed at least 1,300 Mississippians since the state received its first payment three years ago – be spent to mitigate those same dangers. The state has received over $124 million in lawsuit payments in the past three years, but less than $1 million has been used to address addiction so far. 

Both the state and localities are expected to receive about $300 million more over the next 20 years.

Horhn — whose city has been spending a portion of its more than $500,000 of opioid settlement dollars for fiber optic cable installation, an office move and a shelving system — said he expects future payments to be used for the city’s violence prevention efforts. Chokwe Lumumba, Horhn’s predecessor, was mayor when Jackson spent money for general expenses.

Horhn said he and the city council might use some settlement dollars to prevent more overdoses, but he didn’t make any commitments to that. 

Jackson violence prevention office hits reset with same vision, former director 

“We also realize that we’ve got a serious violence prevention need in our city, and that’s an allowable expense,” he told reporters. “And so right now, that’s where we’re going to put the primary focus.” 

When Mississippi Today asked Fitch if the state has done enough with opioid settlement money to prevent overdoses, Fitch said she was following the Legislature’s instructions and reviewing applications for overdose response projects with the Mississippi Opioid Settlement Fund Advisory Council. It’s a committee created by state lawmakers this year and chaired by Fitch to recommend how the Legislature should spend most of the state’s opioid settlement dollars. 

“We’re getting people to vet those [applications] so we can make the distributions and the recommendations to the Legislature,” she said. 

Lawmakers then decide which of those applications to accept or reject, and they expect to distribute those dollars in the summer of 2026. 

Mississippi Today asked Fitch why Mississippi is the only state in the country to distribute less than $3 million of its opioid settlement funds to address addiction after the conference ended. Her spokesperson, Maryasa Lee, interrupted before Fitch could respond. 

Lee said it was the Mississippi Today reporter’s third question at the event, and the attorney general’s office had already emailed the newsroom a statement about the spending. The statement did not address that question.

Most of Mississippi’s opioid settlement money is overseen by state government leaders, but they’ve only reported using their tens of millions of dollars for lawyers fees so far. The $15.5 million that cities and counties like Jackson have received can be spent on general expenses because Fitch wrote a contract in 2021 that says Mississippi’s local governments – unlike in at least 34 other states – can spend opioid settlement payments for any public purpose. 

Those localities have reported using less than $1 million of that money to address the crisis, a Mississippi Today investigation found.

The lawsuits’ lawyers said that some spending unrelated to addiction is allowed, but they discouraged governments receiving the money from doing that. Most states required all their opioid settlement money to be spent to address addiction, and they’ve all spent more for that purpose than Mississippi — both in total dollars and as a percentage of settlement shares.

Mississippians struggling with opioid addiction face challenges when looking for treatment and recovery resources, even as the state has received these payments. Less than a third of people in the state who have an opioid addiction and use Medicaid, a federal-state health insurance program, received effective medication to treat the disease, according to a 2023 study. 

When Mississippi Today showed public health advocates how the state’s cities and counties are  spending their opioid settlement dollars, they were dismayed. Dr. Judith Feinberg, who helped author a guide on how the money could address the public health crisis, called Mississippi’s settlement spending “complete and utter bullshit.” 

The state’s opioid settlement advisory council closed its call for applications on Friday, and it’s expected to make recommendations to the Legislature in December.